北京市预防接种门诊采用不同工作模式查验中小学新生预防接种证的疫苗补种效果比较

摘要

Objective To compare the effect of vaccine replant among different modes of vaccination certification inspection among new students in primary and secondary school by vaccination clinics in Beijing. Methods We selected vaccination clinics of 8 community health service centers and 33 primary and secondary schools under the administration of these centers as research objects.All data of vaccination in the period of June-September from 2012 to 2014 were collected, and the report data of vaccination certification inspection from 2012 to 2014 were also collected, including both paper version and electronic version.The missed inoculation was examined according to Beijing 2012 regulation on the missed inoculation, and the accuracy of inspection was determined by professional medical staff of preventive medicine department.Results Schools with proportion of migrant children >50%had a missed inoculation rate of 26.50%among new students, higher than that of schools with proportion of migrant children≤50%, which was 13.93%; by September 30, schools with proportion of migrant children>50% had a missed inoculation rate of 8.66% among new students, higher than that of schools with proportion of migrant children≤50%, which was 4.08%(t=21.33, 25.77; P<0.05).The vaccine replant rate in the first inoculation on new students registered in June was 75.94%, higher than that in the first inoculation on new students registered in September, which was 60.82%, and the difference was significant (t=14.38, P<0.05).By September 30, the overall inoculation rate among new students in schools with proportion of migrant children >50% was 66.92%, lower than that of schools with proportion of migrant children≤50%, which was 88.79%, and the difference was significant (t =20.22, P<0.05).The error rate of computer information input in vaccination clinics from September was 4.82%, higher than that from June, which was 2.77%and the difference was significant (t =12.74, P <0.05).Conclusion Vaccination clinics should adopt suitable mode of vaccination certification inspection according to the number of new students in primary and secondary schools, and the verification by medical staff in preventive medicine departments could bring better accuracy.%目的：比较预防接种门诊采用不同工作模式查验中小学新生预防接种证的疫苗补种效果。方法选取北京市8家社区卫生服务中心预防接种门诊及其辖区33家中小学为调查对象，收集预防接种门诊2012—2014年6—9月间全部疫苗接种数据资料，以及2012—2014年夏季入学接种证查验工作报表数据，包括纸质版模式和电子版模式。疫苗漏种判定依据《北京市免疫规划疫苗常规查漏补种要求》2012版中的规定执行，由保健科专业医务人员对漏种情况和漏种判定的准确与否进行最终裁定。结果流动儿童比例＞50％的学校新生疫苗漏种率为26.50％，高于流动儿童比例≤50％的学校新生疫苗漏种率的13.93％；截至9月30日，流动儿童比例＞50％的学校新生疫苗漏种率为8.66％，高于流动儿童比例≤50％的学校新生疫苗漏种率的4.08％，差异均有统计学意义(t＝21.33、25.77， P＜0.05）。6月报名开始查验的新生首针补种率达到75.94％，高于9月开学开始查验的新生首针补种率的60.82％，差异有统计学意义( t＝14.38， P＜0.05）。截至9月30日，流动儿童比例＞50％的学校新生全程接种率为66.92％，低于流动儿童比例≤50％的学校新生全程接种率的88.79％，差异有统计学意义(t＝20.22， P＜0.05）。9月开学开始查验的预防接种门诊接种信息电脑录入错误率为4.82％，高于6月报名开始查验的预防接种门诊接种信息电脑录入错误率的2.77％，差异有统计学意义(t＝12.74， P＜0.05）。结论各预防接种门诊应根据辖区中小学新生数量及流动儿童比例，采取合适的接种证查验工作模式，由保健科医务人员进行查验具有较好的准确性。