无偿献血认知在献血行为与健康间的中介作用研究

摘要

目的 检验无偿献血认知在献血行为与健康之间的中介作用.方法 2016年5-9月,在北京市红十字血液中心的献血小屋或采血车上现场调查无偿献血者及部分陪同的未献血者;在专业调查网站上发布电子版调查问卷.使用无偿献血认知问卷和简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)中文版分别测量调查对象的无偿献血认知情况和健康状况,以献血次数表示献血行为.采用分层多元线性回归分析无偿献血认知的中介作用.结果 共发放问卷1 093份,回收有效问卷1 031份,有效回收率为94.33%.其中献血0次155例(15.04%),献血1~4次412例(39.96%),献血5~9次225例(21.82%),献血≥10次239例(23.18%).不同献血次数者无偿献血认知得分、生理领域(PCS)得分、心理领域(MCS)得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);其中献血1~4次、5~9次、≥10次者无偿献血认知得分、PCS得分、MCS得分均高于献血0次者;献血5~9次、≥10次者无偿献血认知得分、PCS得分、MCS得分均高于献血1~4次者;献血≥10次者无偿献血认知得分高于献血5~9次者(P<0.05).无偿献血行为与PCS(rs=0.285,P<0.05)、MCS(rs=0.288,P<0.05)、无偿献血认知(rs=0.344,P<0.05)呈正相关,无偿献血认知与PCS(r=0.233,P<0.05)、MCS(r=0.253,P<0.05)呈正相关.无偿献血认知在献血行为与PCS、MCS之间起部分中介作用,中介作用的大小分别为23.78%、32.43%.结论 无偿献血认知在献血行为与健康间具有部分中介作用,中介效应约占总效应的1/3.%Objective To test the mediating effect of unpaid blood donation cognition between unpaid blood donation and health.Methods Field and online questionnaire surveys were used in this study.The participants were unpaid blood donors and some of their companions without donating blood.The field questionnaire survey was carried out in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center′s blood collecting sheds and vehicles,and online questionnaire survey was implemented on professional survey websites from May to September 2016.Printed and electronic Unpaid Blood Donation Cognition Questionnaire and Chinese version of 36-item Short Form Heath Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) were respectively used in the field and online survey for assessing the unpaid blood donation cognition and status of health.Times of unpaid blood donation was used to group the participants.Hierarchical linear regression was adopted to explore the mediating effect of unpaid blood donation cognition between unpaid blood donation and health.Results A total of 1 093 participants received the surveys,94.33% of them (1 031/1 093) returning responsive questionnaires were selected as the final participants.Fifteen point zero four percent(155/1 031) of them had not donated blood,39.96%(412/1 031) had donated blood unpaidly 1-4 times,21.82%(225/1 031) had done that 5-9 times,and 23.18%(239/1 031) had done that ≥10 times.Among the participants,unpaid blood donation cognition,PCS and MCS scores differed significantly among those who had donated blood unpaidly(P<0.001);participants who had donated blood unpaidly had higher unpaid blood donation cognition,PCS and MCS scores than those who had not;participants who had donated blood unpaidly 5 times or over had higher unpaid blood donation cognition,PCS and MCS scores than those who had done that 1-4 times;participants who had donated blood unpaidly ≥10 times had higher unpaid blood donation cognition scores than those who had done that 5-9 times(P<0.05).Unpaid blood donation was positively correlated with PCS(rs=0.285,P<0.05),MCS(rs=0.288,P<0.05) and unpaid blood donation cognition(rs=0.344,P<0.05).Unpaid blood donation cognition was positively associated with PCS(r=0.233,P<0.05) and MCS(r=0.253,P<0.05).Unpaid blood donation cognition played the role as an intermediary in part between unpaid blood donation and PCS,and between unpaid blood donation and MCS,accounting for 23.78% and 32.43% of the total mediating effect,respectively.Conclusion Unpaid blood donation cognition exerts partial mediating effect between unpaid blood donation and health,accounting for about 1/3 of the total effect.