中国老年人社会支持与老化态度的关系研究

摘要

目的 探讨中国老年人社会支持与老化态度的关系.方法 本研究对象为中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)项目中的老年人11511例,年龄≥60周岁,来自全国134个县、区,462个村、居.于2014年8—10月,分别采用健康自评得分、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、社会网络量表、老化态度问卷对老年人的身体健康状况、认知能力、社会支持、老化态度进行调查,共发放问卷11511份,回收有效问卷7225份,有效回收率为62.77%.结果 7225例老年人家庭支持得分为(10.7±5.9)分,朋友支持得分为(8.7±7.6)分,社会支持总分为(19.4±11.2)分;自我老化态度得分为(12.9±3.9)分,一般老化态度得分为(9.7±3.0)分,老化态度总分为(22.5±5.4)分.不同性别老年人自我老化态度、一般老化态度得分及老化态度总分间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而不同年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、城乡、个人年收入老年人自我老化态度、一般老化态度得分及老化态度总分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多元线性回归分析结果显示,朋友支持得分是老年人自我老化态度、一般老化态度得分的影响因素(b值分别为-0.102、-0.034,P<0.05);纳入社会人口学特征后,朋友支持得分亦是老年人自我老化态度、一般老化态度得分的影响因素(b值分别为-0.079、-0.030,P<0.05);纳入身体健康状况、认知能力得分后,朋友支持得分还是自我老化态度、一般老化态度得分的影响因素(b值分别为-0.069、-0.021,P<0.05).结论 朋友支持对老年人的老化态度具有积极作用.%Objective To explore the association between social support and attitudes toward aging among the elderly in China. Methods In this study,11511 elderly people aged 60 or over in the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS)were selected from 134 counties,districts and 462 villages. From August to October 2014,Health Self - assessment Score,Mini - mental State Examination (MMSE),Social Network Scale,and the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire were adopted to investigate the physical health,cognitive ability,social support,and aging attitude of the elderly respectively. A total of 11511 questionnaires were sent out and 7225 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective response rate was 62. 77% . Results Among the 7225 aged people,the score of family support was (10. 7 ± 5. 9),the score of friend support was (8. 7 ± 7. 6),the score of social support was (19. 4 ± 11. 2);the score of self - attitude towards aging was (12. 9 ± 3. 9),the score of general attitude towards aging was (9. 7 ± 3. 0),total score of attitude towards aging was (22. 5 ± 5. 4). There were no significant differences in the score of self - attitude towards aging and general attitude towards aging and total score of attitude towards aging among the elderly of different gender (P > 0. 05),while there were significant differences in the attitudes toward aging among the elderly of different age,marital status,educational degree,and urban and rural,personal annual income (P< 0. 05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the scores of friend support was the influencing factor of the score of self - attitude towards aging and general attitude towards aging of the elderly (b values were - 0. 102, - 0. 034 respectively;P < 0. 05). After the social demographic characteristics were included,score of friend support was also the influencing factor of the score of self - attitude towards aging and general attitude towards aging of the elderly (b values were- 0. 079, - 0. 030 respectively;P < 0. 05);after scores of physical health status and cognitive ability were included,score of friend support was also the influencing factor of the score of self - attitude towards aging and general attitude towards aging (b values were - 0. 069, - 0. 021 respectively;P < 0. 05). Conclusion Friend support has a positive effect on the attitude towards aging of the elderly.