吉林市区高血压流行病学调查及危险因素分析

摘要

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology and analyze the risk factors of hypertension in citizens of Jilin urban district,for further perfecting the three-grade prevention of hypertension.Method:2845 residents over 18 years old were respondents.All of them filled in the unified questionnaires and were taken fasting blood samples.The plasma homocysteine,serum lipid,blood glucose,uric acid were tested,then did statistical processing.Result:(1)Hypertension were 884 residents,the total rate was 31.07%.There were 532 male and 352 female,the respective morbidity were 33.15%and 28.39%,Incidence between genders had significant difference(P<0.01).(2)The awareness rate was 50.79%,the drug rate for treatment was 33.71%,and the control rate was 12.10%.(3)All residents were divided into hypertension group and normal blood pressure group,compared with the normal blood pressure group,hypertension group had higher blood lipid,glucose,uric acid,homocysteine(P<0.05).Similarly,hypertension group were older,higher salt intake,more smoking,obesity and bigger waist than the normal blood pressure group(P<0.05).Conclusion:High prevalence of hypertension in Jilin city.The incidence of male is higher than female.The awareness rate and the control rate are lower in patients.Aging,obesity,high blood sugar,high salt intake,hyperuricemia,hyperhomocysteinemia and smoking are the risk factors of hypertension.%目的：了解吉林市区居民高血压的患病情况及其危险因素，进一步做好人群高血压的三级预防。方法：选取吉林地区18周岁以上常驻居民2845名为研究对象，所有居民填写统一的调查问卷，空腹抽血测定血浆同型半胱氨酸、血脂、血糖、尿酸，并进行统计学处理。结果：(1)市区居民高血压共884例，总患病率31.07%。其中男532例，患病率为33.15%，女352例，患病率为28.39%，男女患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)高血压知晓率50.79%；服药率为33.71%；血压有效控制率为12.10%。(3)将所有居民分为高血压组和血压正常组，高血压组居民血脂、血糖、尿酸、同型半胱氨酸水平均高于血压正常组(P<0.05)；高血压组年龄、高盐饮食、吸烟、肥胖、腰围等指标与血压正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：吉林地区高血压患病率较高，男性发病率高于女性。居民对高血压的知晓率及控制率均低。年龄、肥胖、吸烟、食盐过重、高血糖、高尿酸血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症为高血压危险因素。