心房颤动伴或不伴心力衰竭患者的死亡危险因素分析

摘要

目的: 探讨心房颤动(房颤)伴或不伴心力衰竭(心衰)患者的死亡危险因素.方法: 2008-11至2011-10在全国20家医院连续入选急诊的房颤患者2015例,根据是否伴有心衰将患者分为伴心衰组(n=753)和不伴心衰组(n=1263).记录患者的基线资料及院内治疗情况.对所有患者进行1年随访,记录全因死亡事件.使用多因素Cox回归模型分析死亡的危险因素.结果: 与不伴心衰组比,伴心衰组男性少,心率慢,体重指数(BMI)低,既往高血压史及甲状腺功能亢进史患者比例低,钙拮抗剂及胺碘酮使用率低,CHADS2积分高,既往心肌梗死、冠心病、先天性心脏病、瓣膜性心脏病、风湿性心脏病、左心室肥厚、吸烟史、左心室功能障碍、痴呆/认知功能障碍、肺气肿/慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、瓣膜手术及大出血史患者比例高,利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、地高辛、阿司匹林及华法林的使用率高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).1991例随访成功,随访期间,与不伴心衰组比,伴心衰组节律控制药物及氯吡格雷使用率低,室率控制药物及华法林使用率高,死亡及大出血发生率高(P均<0.05).Cox回归分析显示,心衰是房颤患者1年死亡事件的危险因素(HR=1.50,95% CI:1.17~1.92,P=0.001).多因素回归分析发现,不伴心衰组中,年龄(HR=1.09,95%CI:1.07~1.11,P<0.001)、心率(HR=1.011,95%CI:1.005~1.017,P<0.001)、房颤作为入院次要诊断(HR=1.63,95%CI: 1.13~2.35,P=0.01)及合并COPD(HR=2.18,95%CI:1.47~3.22,P<0.001)与1年死亡率呈正相关;而在伴心衰组中,年龄(HR=1.05,95% CI:1.03~1.07,P<0.001)、BMI(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.88~0.96, P<0.001)、收缩压(HR=0.991,95%CI:0.984~0.998,P=0.012)及房颤作为入院次要诊断(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.48~4.21, P=0.001)与1年死亡率呈正相关.结论: 伴或不伴有心衰的房颤患者在基线资料及院内治疗方面存在差异,心衰是房颤患者1年死亡事件的危险因素,两组患者1年死亡事件的危险因素不相同.%Objective: To explore the risk factors of death in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with or without heart failure (HF). Methods: A total of 2015 emergency AF patients from 20 hospitals in China from 2008-11 to 2011-10 were consecutively enrolled. Based on existing HF, the patients were divided into 2 groups: HF group, n=753 and Non-HF group, n=1263. The baseline condition and in-hospital treatment were recorded, patients were followed-up for 1 year to document all-cause death and the relevant risk factors were studied by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Compared with Non-HF group, HF group had less male, lower heart rate (HR) and body mass index (BMI), less patients with previous histories of hypertension and hyperthyreosis, lower application rates of calcium antagonists and amiodarone, all P<0.05; HF group had the higher CHADS2score, more patients with previous histories of myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease (HD), valvular HD, rheumatic HD, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, smoking, LV dysfunction, cognitive disorder,pneumonectasis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), valvular surgery and major bleeding; higher application rates of diuretics, ACEI, digoxin, aspirin and warfarin, all P<0.05. 1991 patients finished follow-up study and during that period, compared with Non-HF group, HF group showed the lower usage rates of rhythm-control drugs and clopidogrel, while higher usage rates of ventricular-control drugs and warfarin, all P<0.05; higher incidences of death and major bleeding, all P<0.05. Cox regression analysis indicated that HF was the risk factor for 1 year mortality in AF patients (HR=1.50, 95% CI 1.17-1.92, P=0.001). In Non-HF group, age (HR=1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.11, P<0.001), heart rate (HR=1.011, 95% CI 1.005-1.017, P<0.001), primary diagnosis (HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.13-2.35, P=0.01) and COPD (HR=2.18, 95% CI 1.47-3.22, P<0.001) were related to 1 year death. In HF group, age (HR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07, P<0.001), BMI (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.96, P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (HR=0.991, 95% CI 0.984-0.998, P=0.012) and primary diagnosis (HR=2.50, 95% CI 1.48-4.21, P=0.001) were related to 1 year death. Conclusion: Baseline condition and in-hospital treatment were different in AF patients with or without HF. HF was the risk factor for 1 year mortality and the other risk factors were different in AF patients with or without HF.