重金属污染对蔬菜生产的危害以及缓解重金属污染措施的研究进展

摘要

重金属会影响蔬菜生长发育，导致其产量和品质的降低，最终危害人类健康。本文从水分代谢、光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化酶活性、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、植物络合素、其他矿质元素吸收等方面，综述了重金属对蔬菜生长发育的影响及其生理生化反应，阐述了不同蔬菜种类、品种和器官对重金属的积累机理，总结了缓解土壤重金属污染的有效措施。结合研究现状，就蔬菜安全生产方面提出以下建议：应广泛开展不同蔬菜种类及其品种对重金属积累的差异化研究，针对现有国家无公害标准中土壤重金属临界值，开展蔬菜中低积累种类及其品种筛选，同时开发有效缓解土壤重金属污染的栽培调控措施，以保障蔬菜的安全生产。%Heavy metals can affect vegetable growth and development,lead to decline of vegetable yield and quality,and finally,affect human health.This paper analyzed the effects of heavy metal on vegetable growth, physiological and biochemical activities from the respects of water metabolism,photosynthesis,respiration, anti-oxidase activity,ascorbic acid,glutathione,phytochelatins and other mineral elements absorption.The paper also expounded the accumulation mechanism of heavy metals in different vegetable crops,varieties and vegetable organs,and summarized effective measures to alleviate soil heavy metal pollution.Besides,the paper suggested to carry out the following studies on:heavy metal accumulation differences in different vegetable varieties and species,screen and selection of vegetable species and varieties with low level heavy metal accumulation, development of effective measures to relieve soil heavy metal pollution,so as to ensure safe vegetable production.