通过统计近十几年钨品的出口情况,从中分析中国钨产业竞争力的变化情况.结果表明:从钨品出口量方面看,中国钨铁、碳化钨、硬质合金的出口量增加幅度较大,对总量出口贡献较大,且有保持进一步增长态势,表明中国钨品出口结构进一步优化,产业链后端产品出口量占比逐步提高,显示中国钨产业国际竞争力增强;从钨品进出口价比看,2005年之后进出口价比保持稳定且2005—2015年出口价始终比进口价大,同时钨材、钨丝及硬质合金等产品出口比重也逐年提高,进一步显示中国钨产业竞争力在提高;从钨品出口结构方面看,仲钨酸铵(APT)和钨铁出口量保持下降趋势,碳化钨和加工产品钨材、钨丝出口量及占比保持稳定,硬质合金产品出口量和出口占比保持上升趋势,表明中国钨品出口结构趋向优化,国际竞争力有明显提高;从出口世界各国情况看,制造业发达的国家所需高端钨品越多,对中国创汇贡献越大.钨品出口情况能直接反映中国钨产业的竞争力情况,对我钨产业发展有启示作用.%Tungsten exports can directly reflect the competitiveness of China tungsten industry. Through statistics analysis of tungsten export products of the last decade, this paper analyzed the change of China's tungsten industry competitiveness. The export volumes of ferrotungsten, tungsten carbide and cemented carbide witnessed a fundamental increasing tendency, which contributed greatly to the total export. The data demonstrated that China's tungsten export structure was further optimized accompanied with enhanced international competitiveness. The import and export price ratio remained stable after 2005. The export price was larger than import price between 2005 and 2015. In addition, the export proportion of tungsten materials, tungsten wire and tungsten carbide increased year by year during this time. The export proportion of ammonium tungstate (APT) and tungsten were in declining tendency, while that of wolfram carbide, tungsten materials, tungsten wire kept stable. The exports of cemented carbide was witnessed in a rising tendency, which showed that China's tungsten products export structure was optimized gradually with improved international competitiveness. Countries with developed manufacturing industry demanded more high-ended tungsten products, which meant that these countries contributed a greater share to China's foreign exchange earnings.
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