电纺纳米纤维增强聚合物复合材料的研究进展

摘要

与作为填料的普通纤维相比，通过静电纺丝所得纳米纤维（简称电纺纳米纤维）的长径比及比表面积较大，相对于基体材料具有较大的模量和韧性，对聚合物基体有较好的力学增强效果；电纺纳米纤维在复合材料中应力集中程度低、与聚合物基体间界面结合较好。加入电纺纳米纤维可以提高复合材料的性能，如拉伸及弯曲强度、模量，抗冲击性能等都有较大提高。电纺纳米纤维在聚合物基体中的分散及其与基体间的界面黏结等问题有待进一步研究和改善。%　　Compared to conventional fibrous fillers, the nanofibers prepared by elcetrospinning(electrospun nanofiber) have good mechanical enhancement effects on the polymer matrix due to their high aspect ratio and specific surface area, coupled with their larger modulus and toughness than polymer matrix. Electrospun nano-fibers exhibit extremely low stress concentration degree in the composites and have favorable interfacial adhen-sion with polymer matrix. The properties of the composites are improved by adding electrospun nanofibers, such as tensile or flexural strength, modulus and impact-resistance performance. Nevertheless, the dispersion of electrospun nanofibers in polymer matrix still remains to be further investigated, as well as the interfacial adhension with matrix.