建筑外墙保温用酚醛树脂泡沫材料的改性

摘要

Phenolic resin was modified by the addition of nano montmorillonite and polyethylene glycol via interlayer polymerization process to improve the heat resistance and toughness of the foam material. The effect of the ratio of phenol to formaldehyde on the microstructure of phenolic foam was studied. The structure of the modified phenolic resin was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that polyethylene glycol interacts with phenolic resin strongly to form the composite material, which enhances toughness of the modified phenolic resin foam material. Nano montmorillonite improves the heat resistance by increasing the distance between phenolic resin layers and consequently the thermal decomposition temperature reaches 361 ℃. The higher the ratio of phenol to formaldehyde, the lower the reactivity of acid curing reaction and the smaller the cell diameter of the foam formed.%添加改性材料纳米蒙脱土和聚乙二醇，采用层间聚合工艺对酚醛树脂改性，以提高泡沫材料的耐热性能和韧性等；研究了酚醛配比对泡沫材料微观结构的影响；采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱分析仪及扫描电子显微镜分析了改性酚醛树脂的结构。结果表明：聚乙二醇与酚醛树脂间发生强相互作用形成了复合物，使改性后的酚醛树脂泡沫材料韧性提高；纳米蒙脱土增加了酚醛树脂的层间距，提高了耐热性能，使热分解温度达到361℃；酚醛配比越大，树脂酸固化反应活性越低，形成的泡沫孔径越小。