聚氨酯泡沫阻燃技术的研究进展

摘要

概述了聚氨酯泡沫的燃烧过程及其燃烧的3个阶段,分析了聚氨酯泡沫燃烧的化学反应机理和阻燃剂的阻燃机理,阐述了卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、硼系阻燃剂、填充型阻燃剂和可膨胀型阻燃剂的特点并比较其实际应用情况.综述了近几年国内外学者在聚氨酯阻燃技术上的研究进展,并对聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃研究和发展趋势作出了展望,指出一方面可对无机添加型阻燃剂进行结构改性,提高微胶囊化和表面改性后的阻燃剂微粒的产率,进一步改善阻燃剂微粒在泡沫中的分布;另一方面研究阻燃剂复配后的协效作用机理.%The combustion process of polyurethane(PU)foam as well asthree stages of the combustion are described.The chemical reaction mechanism of the combustion of PU foam and the flame retardant mechanism of the flame retardant are analyzed.The characteristics and application of various flame retardants are demonstrated,which include halogen flame retardant,phosphorus flame retardant,nitrogen flame retardant, boron flame retardant,filled flame retardant,intumescent flame retardant.This paper reviews the research progress of flame retardant technologies used for PU and explores wherethe research in this field is heading. It points out that on the one hand the structure of inorganic additive flame retardant can be modified to enhance the yield of particles that have been microencapsulated and surface modified,furthermore,to improve the distribution of flame retardant particles in the foam.On the other hand, the research on synergistic action mechanism of flame retardant compound is an emerging field.