全球视域下我国城市儿童青少年身体活动研究--以上海市为例

摘要

采用活力健康儿童全球联盟（Active Health Kids Global Alliance ，AHKGA ）构建的“儿童青少年身体活动评价指标体系”，对我国城市（上海）儿童青少年身体活动进行研究。评价结果显示：1）我国城市儿童青少年身体活动行为层次指标的评定等级普遍不高，其中，“身体活动水平”评定等级是该层次指标的综合体现；2）环境层次中“家庭”和“学校”2个指标的评价结果较好，但“社区”由于在体育组织建设和体育活动开展方面不甚理想导致评定等级较低；3）政策层次通过调查家长对《国家学生体质健康标准》（简称《标准》）的知晓度间接了解社会对《标准》的认知度，结果显示，家长对《标准》的知晓度并不高；4）与 A HKGA国家和地区的平均水平相比，我国城市儿童青少年身体活动在行为、政策以及环境层次中“社区”等指标的评定等级低于 A HKGA国家和地区的平均水平。为进一步了解我国儿童青少年身体活动的综合水平、探寻制约我国儿童青少年身体活动的阻碍因素，提出以下建议：借鉴国际经验，构建我国儿童青少年身体活动评价指标体系；建设数据平台，统筹我国城乡儿童青少年身体活动研究；探究全球概况特征，分析我国儿童青少年身体活动现状趋势，进而实现推动我国儿童青少年身体活动发展、促进体质健康水平提升的目标。%This study systematically evaluates Chinese city (Shanghai) children and youth’ s physical activity ,which use children and youth physical activity evaluation indicators system constructed by Active Health Kids Global Alliance .The evaluation results show that :1 )Chi‐nese city children and youth physical activity behaviors that contribute to overall physical activ‐ity levels are generally not high ,the level of “overall physical activity” is a comprehensive re‐flection of the level indicators ;2 )“family & peers” and “school” is good in the level of set‐tings & sources of influence ,because of the construction of community sports organizations and development of the sports activities are poorly cause the grade of “community & the built envi‐ronment” is low ;3 ) The level of strategies & investments survey the knowledge of social awareness of National Student Physical Health Standard through the cognition of National Student Physical Health Standard of city parents ,results show that the parents ’ cognition is not high ;4 ) compared with the countries of Active Health Kids Global Alliance ,Chinese city children and youth physical activity rating of behaviors that contribute to overall physical activ‐ity levels ,settings & sources of influence and “community & the built environment” are worse than the average .In order to further understand the comprehensive development level of Chi‐nese children and youth physical activity ,and to explore the restrictive factors of Chinese city children and youth physical activity ,putting forward the following suggestions :constructing Chinese children and youth physical activity evaluation indicators system by learning from glob‐al alliance experience ,balancing urban and rural development of Chinese children and youth physical activity by constructing data platform ,analyzing the present development and tendency of Chinese children and youth physical activity by exploring the global general characteristics . Thus ,achieve the goals of promoting the development of children and youth physical activity and promoting promotion the level of physical health in China .