Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation. Direct current is generated by the electrodes placed on the skull to regulate the excitability of the cerebral cortex. The anode tDCS produces an excitatory effect and the cathode tDCS produces an inhibitory effect. So far, tDCS has achieved many results in clinical research and application, confirming its good effect on chronic pain, neurological diseases and mental diseases. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the research and application of tDCS in sports science. This article collected and summarized nearly two decades of domestic and foreign literatures, briefly reviews the origin, development and mechanism of tDCS, focuses on its impact on sport performance in order to provide new methods and perspectives for ordinary people and athletes. Although there are different opinions on the conclusions and applications of tDCS for improving sport performance, many studies have been shown that it can improves muscle power, extend the time to exhaustion during exercise and promote motor skill’s learning and acquisition. However, how to choose the stimulation parameters and position, especially the scientific combination of the training program, still needs to be paid great attention in the future.%经颅直流电刺激(transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, tDCS)是一种非侵入性的脑刺激方法,通过置于头颅部位的电极产生直流电来调节刺激大脑皮层的兴奋性.阳极产生兴奋性作用,阴极产生抑制性作用.到目前为止,tDCS在临床研究和应用中已取得一定成果,证实其对慢性疼痛、神经疾病和精神疾病有一定的疗效.近年来,有关tDCS在运动科学中的研究和应用也逐渐受到关注.通过收集国内外近20年的相关文献并进行系统归纳和总结,回顾了tDCS的起源、发展和作用机制等,重点探讨与分析了其在运动科学中的应用,以期为运动表现的改善提供新方法和新视角.研究表明,虽然目前有关tDCS对于提高运动能力的结论和应用尚有不同的观点,但已有研究证实,tDCS可以改善人体的运动表现,包括提高肌肉爆发力、延缓运动疲劳、加速运动技能的学习和获得等.然而,tDCS其刺激参数和刺激位置的选择,尤其是刺激时刻和体育训练方案的合理结合,仍是未来需要重点关注和研究的方向.
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