美国特种设备风险管理及对我国的启示--以哈特福德蒸汽锅炉检验和保险集团（HSB）为例

摘要

美国开展特种设备风险管理已经有上百年的历史，通过对美国承压类特种设备检验及保险发展历程的回顾，结合美国哈特福德蒸汽锅炉检验和保险集团（HSB）的实践，从安全风险和财务风险两个视角，梳理美国特种设备风险管理概况，以过程安全管理和其核心要素设备完整性为重点，总结美国石化行业特种设备风险管理经验，从风险管理的内涵、保险机制的作用、石化企业过程安全管理等方面探讨对我国特种设备风险管理的启示。%Risk management of the special equipment in the United States has carried out more than a hundred years. Based on the review of the inspection and insurance development history of the special equipment in the United States, together with the experience and practice of the steam boiler inspection and related insurance in HSB, risk management overview of the special equipment in the United States is highlighted from two perspectives of safety risk and ifnancial risk. This paper focuses on the process safety management (PSM) and mechanical integrity related to the core elements in PSM, and discusses the enlightenment on the special equipment risk management in China from the risk management implication, the role of insurance mechanism, PSM in petrochemical industries by summarizing the risk management experience of the special equipment in the United States.