北方不同气候条件对稻米品质性状的影响

摘要

以2001-2013年北方水稻区域试验宁夏永宁点和辽宁开原点的中、早熟组参试品种为材料，进行7个稻米主要品质性状的分析评价。结果表明，开原点的整精米率和胶稠度极显著高于永宁点，永宁点的垩白粒率和垩白度极显著低于开原点，糙米率、精米率和直链淀粉含量两个点间差异不显著；7个主要稻米品质性状中，垩白度和垩白粒率的变异系数较大，其次是整精米率、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度，糙米率和精米率变异系数较小。对永宁和开原两个点水稻灌浆结实期（8-9月份）的气象因子进行比较，发现两地的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、日照时数基本相似，降水量和相对湿度永宁点明显低于开原点。分别对两地灌浆结实期气象因子与稻米品质性状进行相关分析，结果表明，稻米品质性状与水稻灌浆后期（9月份）气象因子的关系比与灌浆前中期（8月份）更为密切；在糙米率和整精米率与相对湿度的相关性、整精米率与最高气温的相关性、糙米率与降水量的相关性等方面，在永宁点与开原点呈现相反的结果，这可能是两地相对湿度和降雨量不同所致，反映了不同气候生态背景下多种气候因子耦合作用于稻米品质形成的复杂性。%Taking the rice varieties in northern rice regional test as experimental materials, seven quality traits of medium and early maturity rice variety groups in Yongning site (Ningxia) and Kaiyuan site (Liaoning) from 2001 to 2013 were analyzed. The results showed that the head rice rate and gel consistency in Kaiyuan site are significantly higher than Yongning site, the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree in Yongning site are significantly lower than Kaiyuan site. There are no significant difference between two sites re-garding brown rice rate, milled rice rate and amylose content. Within seven quality traits, the coefficient of variation for the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree are relatively larger, the coefficient of variation for the head rice rate, amylose content and gel consis-tency are the medium, the coefficient of variation for the brown rice rate and milled rice rate are relatively smaller. Comparison of the meteorological factor between Yongning site and Kaiyuan site during the heading and filling stage from August to September were conducted, which shows that the mean temperature, max temperature, min temperature and hours of sunshine are similar in two sites. The dekad precipitation and relative humidity in Yongning site are significantly lower than Kaiyuan site. The results of the correlation analysis for rice quality traits and meteorological factors shows that the rice quality traits is more closely related to the meteorological factor in September than in August. The results of the correlation between brown rice rate and relative humidity, head rice rate and relative humidity, head rice rate and the maximum temperature, brown rice rate and precipitation are opposite in Yongning site and Kaiyuan site, which may be caused by the different relative humidity and precipitation in two sites. Therefore, the complexity of the rice quality is the results of coupling effects under different climate ecological background.