稻曲病防治药剂筛选及防控技术研究

摘要

针对生产上危害日益严重的稻曲病，在大田开展了防治药剂筛选试验，探讨了不同施药时期和施药方法对稻曲病的防控效果。结果表明，用量为750 g/hm2时，药剂NXF2014-12对稻曲病的防效最好，穗防效和病指防效分别为78.32%和83.30%，极显著优于对照药剂23%醚菌酯·氟环唑SC（尊保）；在大多数稻株处于“叶枕平”或“叶枕距0”生育期时施第1次药，破口期或始穗期（本试验为籼粳杂交稻组合甬优12，实际为第1次施药后10 d）施第2次药，对稻曲病不论是穂防效还是病情指数防效均极显著优于主穗“叶枕平”时施第1次药的防效；在大多数稻株“叶枕平”时采用细雾喷雾打第1次药，破口期打第2次药对稻曲病的穗防效和病情指数防效均无大的差异。生产上要根据防控对象及其发生的部位，选用专化性药剂，在用足药量的前提下，采用不同的施药方法才能达到理想的防控效果。%Field trial for screening fungicides of controlling rice false smut(RFS)(Ustilaginoidea virens) which seriously occurred and damaged increasingly in rice production were carried out. The effects of different stage of pesticide application and different applica-tion methods on the control efficacy were investigated. The results indicated that the best control efficacy of fungicide NXF2014-12 to RFS when the use dosage of 750 g/hm2. The control efficacy of panicle infected rate and disease index rate were 78.32%and 83.30%, respectively. The control efficacy of NXF2014-12 to RFS was significantly higher than the control of fungicide 23%kresoxim-methyl· epoxiconazolesuspension concentrate (SC). Pesticide application for the first time was implemented at the growing stage of“level phyllula”or “zero distance of phyllula”of most rice plants, and second spray of fungicide was carried out at breach stage or begin heading stage(in this experiment, the rice variety was indica /japonica hybrid combination Yongyou 12, the second spraying was ac-tually at 10 d after first application) of the first time pesticide application. The control efficacy of first time pesticide application at“level phyllula”of most rice plants was better than that of the caulis. Fine spray and thick spray were carried out for the first time at“level phyllula”of most rice plants, and second spray was implemented 10 days after first application,the control efficacy both of pan-icle infected rate and disease index rate show no significantly difference. In order to achieve the ideal control efficacy in rice produc-tion, it is necessary to select the special chemicals and spray enough dosage of suspension according to the control targets and their occurred site on the rice plants’ parts and adopt different application methods.