Objective To compare curative effect and safety between water injection single colonoscopy and traditional colonoscopy for intestinal diseases. Methods A total of 1000 patients receiving colonoscopy without contraindication were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 500 cases in each group. The control group received traditional colonoscopy, and the observation group received water injection single colonoscopy. Comparison was made on anus to ileocecal junction time, completion status, and abdominal discomfort symptoms between the two groups. Results The observation group had shorter anus to ileocecal junction time and higher completion rate than the control group (P<0.05). Incidence of abdominal discomfort symptoms was lower in the observation group as 3.4% than 6.2% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Water injection single colonoscopy for intestinal diseases can avoid or reduce intestinal loop knot, and remarkably reduce pain and examination time in patients. This method contains certain advantages.%目的：比较注水单人结肠镜和传统结肠镜检查肠道疾病的疗效和安全性。方法1000例行结肠镜检查且无相关禁忌证的患者，随机分为对照组及观察组，各500例。对照组采用传统结肠镜检查，观察组采用注水单人结肠镜检查。比较两组肛门进镜至回盲部时间、完成情况、腹部不适症状发生情况。结果观察组肛门进镜至回盲部时间短于对照组，完成率高于对照组(P<0.05)，观察组腹部不适症状发生率为3.4%，低于对照组的6.2%(P<0.05)。结论注水单人结肠镜在肠道疾病的检查中可避免或减少肠道结襻，明显减少受检者痛苦、缩短检查时间，具有一定的优越性。
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