《中国药学文摘》收录的抗菌药物致不良反应统计分析

摘要

OBJECTIVE: To analyze antimicrobial drug-induced adverse drug reactions (ADR) in order to effectively prevent and reduce ADR and improve ADR monitoring. METHODS: Antimicrobial drug-induced ADR recorded in Chinese Pharmaceutical Abstracts during 2008-2009 were retrieved. The types of drugs, routes of administration, organ or system involved and clinical manifestations, top 10 antimicrobial drugs in the list of the number of ADR cases were analyzed retrospectively using Excel. RESULTS:There were 1 249 literatures on antimicrobial drug-induced ADR report, involving 656 cases and 123 kinds of drugs. 18.90％ of ADR were induced by cephalosporin, followed by quinolones (16.16％), penicillins (14.18％). Most ADR were induced by intravenous administration (81.10％). Main clinical manifestations were lesion of skin and its appendants (19.05％), followed by digestive system injury (16.31％) and central or peripheral nervous system system damage (14.63％). 89 cases were induced by levofloxacin.CONCLUSION: Antimierobial drug-induced ADR monitoring should be strengthened to ensure the safety of drug use.%目的:统计分析抗菌药物引起药品不良反应(ADR)的情况,以有效预防和减少ADR的危害,提高ADR的监测能力.方法:对2008-2009年收录的抗菌药物致ADR文献进行检索.通过Excel电子表对发生ADR的药品种类、给药途径、累及器官或系统及临床表现、ADR发生例数居前10位药品进行回顾性统计、分析.结果:抗菌药物致ADR报道篇数1249篇,病例656例,涉及药品123种.以头孢菌素类(18.90%)发生例次最多,其次为喹诺酮类(16.16%)、青霉素类(14.18%);静脉滴注最易导致ADR(81.10%);ADR临床主要表现为皮肤及其附件损害(19.05%),其次为消化系统损害(16.31%)和中枢或外周神经系统损害(14.63%);左氧氟沙星的ADR发生率最高(89例).结论:临床应加强对抗菌药物致ADR的重视和监测工作,以保证用药的安全性.