健康教育干预对社区居民合理使用抗菌药物知-信-行水平影响的调查分析

摘要

OBJECTIVE:To provide basis for the further development of health education about rational drug use. METH-ODS:1 000 permanent residents in 4 urban and rural communities of Chongqing were investigated and collected by random sam-ple,self-designed assessment questionnaires about knowledge-behavior-attitude level of rational antibiotics use were used before and after intervention of health education for essessing of the effects. RESULTS:Totally 2 000 questionnaires were sent out,and 2 000 were effectively received with effective rate of 100%. After intervention,the awareness rate of surveyed residents about“antibi-otics are not anti-inflammatory drugs”“in order to avoiding the infection in daily life,antibiotics can not be used frequently and preventively”and other related knowledge was significantly improved(P<0.05);correct rate of surveyed residents about“the use of antibiotics has its special rules,so it should be cautious to follow the guidance of physicians and can not be used freely”and oth-er related attitude was significantly improved(P<0.05);incidence of surveyed residents about“if discomfort,will you self-seek an-tibiotics(such as purchasing/finding donated/finding previous drugs left in family)”and other related misbehaviors was significantly reduced(P<0.05). The average scores of knowledge,attitude and behavior scores and total scores were significantly higher than be-fore(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:It is quite necessary to develop health education intervention of rational antibiotics use in commu-nity residents. Targeted health education intervention has significant effect on improving the knowledge-behavior-attitude level of ra-tional antibiotics use in community residents,and it is worthy of further promotion.%目的：为合理用药健康教育工作的进一步开展提供参考依据。方法：采用简单随机抽样方法，在重庆市4个城乡社区抽取1000位常住居民，采用自行设计的合理使用抗菌药物知-信-行水平评估问卷于健康教育干预前后进行调查，评估干预效果。结果：共发放问卷2000份，回收有效问卷2000份，有效回收率100％。干预后，受访居民对于“抗菌药物不是消炎药”“为了避免日常生活中的感染，不可以经常预防性地使用抗菌药物”等相关知识的知晓率均较干预前显著提高（P＜0.05）；对于“抗菌药物的使用有其特殊自身规律，要慎之又慎，听从医师指导，不能随意使用”等的相关态度的正确率均较干预前显著提高（P＜0.05）；对于“如果生病不适，您会自寻渠道（比如：购买/寻找赠予/找出家中留有的前次药物）获得抗菌药物吗？”等相关不良行为的发生率均较干预前显著降低（P＜0.05）。干预后，受访居民相关知识、态度、行为得分和总分平均值均显著高于干预前（P＜0.05）。结论：对社区居民关于合理使用抗菌药物开展健康教育干预非常必要。有针对性的健康教育干预对提高社区居民合理使用抗菌药物知-信-行水平有显著效果，值得进一步推广。