OBJECTIVE:To compared the efficacy and safety of doxofylline and aminophylline in the treatment of children with capillary bronchitis. METHODS:Totally 120 children with capillary bronchitis were randomly divided into observation group and control group. All children were given routine treatment,including oxygen inhalation,sputum suction and infusion supporting. Based on it,the observation group was treated by doxofylline 4 mg/kg adding into 15% glucose injection 50 ml by infusion,qd;control group was treated by aminophylline 4 mg/kg adding into 15% glucose injection 50 ml by infusion,bid. The course was 7 d. The capillary bronchitis severity scores,remission time of clinical symptoms,hospitalization time,utilization rate of glucocorticoid and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,with significant difference(P<0.05). After 48 h and 72 h,the capillary bronchitis severity scores were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group after 72 h,with significant differences(P<0.05). The cough disappeared time and hospitalization time in observation group were significantly shorter than control group,and the utilization rate of glucocorticoid and the incidence of adverse reactions were significantly lower than control group,with signifi-cant differences(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the routine treatment,doxofylline has better efficacy and safety than amino-phylline in the treatment of children with capillary bronchitis.%目的：比较多索茶碱与氨茶碱治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效及安全性。方法：将120例毛细支气管炎患儿随机均分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均给予常规吸氧、吸痰、补液支持治疗。在此基础上，观察组患儿给予多索茶碱4 mg/kg加入15％葡萄糖注射液50 ml中缓慢滴注，qd；对照组患儿给予氨茶碱4 mg/kg加入15％葡萄糖注射液50 ml中缓慢滴注，bid。两组患儿均治疗7d后评价疗效，并观察两组患儿治疗前后毛细支气管炎严重度评分、各临床症状消失时间和住院时间、糖皮质激素使用率及不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组患儿总有效率显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗48、72 h后，两组患儿毛细支气管炎严重度评分均显著低于同组治疗前，且治疗72 h后观察组低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患儿咳嗽消失时间和住院时间显著短于对照组，糖皮质激素使用率、不良反应发生率显著低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：在常规治疗基础上采用多索茶碱治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效及安全性均显著优于氨茶碱。
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