医院儿科用抗菌药物不良反应报告206例分析

摘要

目的 探讨医院儿科应用抗菌药物不良反应(ADR)的特点,指导抗菌药物的合理应用.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,统计医院2014年6月至2016年6月收集的抗菌药物ADR报告206份,统计并分析患儿的性别、年龄、涉及抗菌药物品种、给药方式、ADR发生的时间及ADR主要受累器官/系统及临床表现、治疗转归等.结果 206例抗菌药物ADR患者中,男女比例为1.34:1;29 d至6岁患儿比例最高(82.52%);头孢菌素类引起的ADR例数最多(129例,62.62%);给药方式中以静脉滴注给药引发的ADR为主(168例,81.55%);ADR的发生时间集中在1 h以内(161例,78.16%);ADR主要累及系统/器官为皮肤及附件(131例,63.59%).结论 抗菌药物ADR与患儿年龄、药品种类、给药途径等多种因素有关,医院应加强儿童ADR的监测,合理应用抗菌药物,保障儿童用药安全,及时发现、及时处理,以免发生严重ADR.%Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reaction ( ADR ) induced by antibiotics in pediatric patients in our hospital. in order to guide the rational use of antibiotics. Methods In the retrospective statistical analysis study. a total of 206 ADR cases induced by antibiotics in recent two years were analyzed and evaluated in respects of gender. age. drug varieties. time of ADR. involved organs and systems. and clinical manifestations. Results Of the total 206 ADR cases. the proportion of male and female was 1. 34 :1;children patients form the age of 29 days to 6 years were the highest proportion ( 82. 52% );among different kinds of antibi-otics. cephalosporin caused the largest numbers of ADR cases ( 129 cases. 62. 62% ); drug delivery caused by intravenous drip of ADR were 168 cases. accounting for 81. 55%;the occurrence time of ADR was concentrated in less than 1 h ( 161 cases. 78. 15% );and the major organ system damage involved in ADRs was skin and appendages disorders ( 131 cases. 63. 59%) . Conclusion The occurrence of ADR induced by antibiotics was related to many factors such as the age. drug types. drug delivery and so on. The monitoring of ADR in children should be strengthened in order to protect the safety of children′s medication and regulate the rational use of antimicrobial drugs.