论《UNCITRAL运输法草案》对凭单放货规则的改革

摘要

为解决提单迟延的难题,《UNCITRAL运输法草案》对可转让提单的“提货凭证”功能进行了大胆改革,在一定条件下,承运人被赋予了法定的无单放货的权利.本文认为,这样的制度设计,不具有合理性与可操作性,甚至还会鼓励欺诈;而真正能够解决提单延迟问题的,是海运单与电子提单,在电子提单未普及前,凭保函放货是唯一务实的方法.%To resolve the problem of the delay of bill of lading,the UNCITRAL Draft Instrument on the Carriage of Goods1 has made bold reforms in the function of a negotiable bill of lading as a "delivery document".Under certain conditions,a carrier is given a statutory right to deliver goods without a bill of lading.This paper suggests that such a system design lacks reasonableness and practicality,and will even encourage fraud.The only solution to the problem of the delay of bill of lading is sea waybill and electronic bill of lading.Before electronic bill of lading is widely used,delivery upon production of letter of guarantee is the only practical way to resolve the problem of the delay of bill of lading.