Quality of soil reconstruction is directly related to the vegetation recovery of opencast coal mine in loess area ,therefore ,research on soil properties of land reclamation has a very important role in mine ecological recovery .Based on an reclamation open coal mine dump loess area as the research area ,semi‐variance function as the basic tools ,combined with traditional statistics and geo‐statistics method ,with statistical module of arcgis10 .0 ,was applied to study the spatial variability of 0~40cm soil granules in early stage of reclamation ,and using ordinary kriging method to draw the spatial distribution map of different particle size of soil granules .Results show that :①in early stage of reclamation ,between 0~20cm and 20~40cm the component characteristic of different size of soil granules was similar ,the average of silt content was all highest in the whole research region ;② through the semi‐variance function fitting ,the theory model of semi‐variogram of clay accord with spherical model ,the semi‐variance function of silt content in 0~20 cm level in line with the spherical model ,in the 20~40cm accord with the exponential model ,the semi‐variance model of sand in 0~20cm fit with the spherical model ,in the 20~40cm semi‐variance function in line with the exponential model ,different size of soil granules content has spatial auto‐correlation in a certain range , showing that has a medium spatial correlation ;③the map can reveals the spatial distribution of soil granules in different levels ,in 0~20cm ,on the horizontal direction of silt content in the high value area in the study area corresponds to the sand content is low in the area ,both of them have good complementary ,and in the vertical direction different soil granules content in the spatial distribution has no obvious regularity .This study can provide certain reference for loess area land reclamation of soil profile reconstruction and soil fertilization and amelioration .%土壤重构的好坏直接关系到黄土区露天煤矿排土场植被的恢复状况，研究排土场复垦后的土壤特性对排土场生态的恢复有很重要的作用。本文以黄土区露天煤矿排土场复垦区为研究对象，采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法，以半方差函数为基本工具，应用Arcgis地统计模块研究了0～40cm复垦初期土壤颗粒的空间变异规律，并运用普通克里格法（Ordinary Kriging）进行最优无偏线性插值，制作了不同粒径土壤颗粒含量的空间分布图。结果表明：①在复垦初期0～20cm和20～40cm不同粒径土壤颗粒组成特点比较类似，均以粉粒平均含量最高，沙粒平均含量居中，而黏粒平均含量最低，各粒径土壤具有中等偏弱的变异性；②通过半方差函数的拟合，黏粒含量的半方差函数符合球状模型，粉粒含量的半方差函数在0～20cm层次符合球状模型，在20～40cm符合指数模型，砂粒的半方差模型在0～20cm符合球状模型，在20～40cm半方差函数符合指数模型，不同粒径土壤颗粒含量在一定范围内存在空间自相关性，具有中等的空间相关性；③基于半方差模型的普通Kriging 插值图能更直观地揭示了复垦区不同层次土壤颗粒的空间分布状况，从土壤颗粒组成的垂直方向和水平方向来看，在0～20cm的水平方向上，研究区中粉粒含量高值区对应着砂粒含量的低值区，二者有较好的互补性，而在垂直方向不同土壤粒径含量在空间分布并没有明显的规律。本研究可为黄土区排土场复垦土壤剖面重构和培肥改良提供一定的借鉴和参考。
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