为了解决露天煤矿排土场复垦过程中缺乏表土资源的问题,急需研究出适应不同矿区的表土替代材料,本文梳理国内外表土替代材料研究文献,得到表土替代材料定义:从矿区土地复垦环境建设可持续发展的角度出发,利用非表土资源的理化性质,合理配比,综合利用,使之成为适合植物生长的新型土壤环境.国外对表土替代材料的研究起步比较早,不管是从法律层面,还是在实践探索中,都取得了不错成果;我国对表土替代材料的研究,经历了客土方法、土壤性状改良技术以及新型表土替代材料研制技术,在表土替代材料的筛选、配制和推广方面取得了不少研究成果,但研究范围和野外推广存在缺陷.总体来说,随着露天煤矿的进一步开采,土地复垦任务进一步加重,而表土替代材料的使用将是露天煤矿开采区解决表土缺乏的不二选择.%In order to solve the problems of being lack of surface soil source in the open-pit coal dump in the process of the reclamation.It is urgent to work out the substitute materials to adapt to the different surface soil, the paper sorts tons of research literatures of the domestic and overseas and get the definition of this substitute materials: From the point of view of the land reclamation environment construction sustainable development, making use of the non-surface soil source physicochemical properties, via reasonably matching, comprehensive utilization, and finally making the non-surface soil be the new type soil which is suitable to the plants growing.The research of the substitute materials at abroad is earlier, and has obtained good achievements no matter in the law or in the practical explorations;in our country, the research of the materials goes through removing earth from some other place to improve the local soil way, improving soil properties technology and new type substitute materials development technology, it has got many achievements in the materials screening, matching and promoting, but it still exists defects in the scope and wild promoting.As a whole, as the open-pit coal further exploration, the task will be much heavier in the reclamation, and the substitute materials will the best choice to solve the problem of being lacking of the surface soil.
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