尾渣堆周边土壤重金属污染对植物影响研究

摘要

以小秦岭金矿区内选矿厂尾渣堆为研究对象,采集尾渣堆积点及周边土壤样品36个,以土壤样品中的Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As作为研究对象,对不同采样点及剖面土壤Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As污染程度及相关性进行分析.采集土壤样品附近芦苇、花生、茵陈蒿等典型植物样品共计12份,测定Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As含量,并计算各植物样品的富集系数和转移系数,对植物富集特性进行综合评价.结果发现:距尾渣堆0~10 m范围内,Cu为重度污染,Zn为轻度污染.0~30 cm土壤剖面Cu和Zn含量表明,二者平均含量表现出20~30 cm>0~10 cm>10~20 cm的趋势.茵陈蒿与其他植物相比,地上部分Cu、Zn的含量较高,但因其形态特征,富集能力有待进一步验证.%36 soil samples in tailings points and surrounding soil were collected to study the Xiaoqinling gold ore tailing slag.The heavy metal(Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni and As)pollution degree and its correlation was analyzed in different soil sampling points and profile.Also,a total of 12 typical plant samples such as reed, peanuts and artemisia capillaris were collected to measure the concentration of Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni and As.The plant bioaccumulation characteristics were assessed comprehensively by calculating heavy metal elements bioaccumulation coefficient and its transfer coefficient of plant samples.It was found that the main pollutants was Cu and Zn in the 0 to 10cm range of tailings slag and the Cu pollution was more serious,compared to the Zn pollution.For Cu and zinc content analysis in 0-30 cm soil profile,it was found that the average content of Cu and Zn showed a trend of 20-30 cm>0-10 cm>10-20 cm.Compared to the other plants,the amount of Cu and Zn in the ground part of the artemisia capillaris was higher.However,due to the morphological characteristics,the enrichment ability needs further verification.