性途径HIV感染人群的心理特征及生活质量

摘要

目的：了解性途径人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者心理健康特征以及生活质量。方法选取性途径感染HIV患者100例(性途径组)、其他途径感染HIV患者100例(其他途径组)及健康对照者50名(健康对照组)。应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定患者的心理特征，并采用生活质量量表评定患者的生活质量，进行组间比较。结果 HIV感染患者的SCL-90躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执等项目得分和SDS、SAS得分均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。而在HIV感染人群的组间比较中性途径组患者焦虑因子、人际关系敏感得分以及SAS量表评分高于其他途径组(P<0.01)，躯体化和抑郁因子得分及SDS量表评分显著低于其他途径组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。 HIV感染患者生活质量总分、生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域得分均低于健康对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。性途径组生活质量总分和生理领域得分高于其他途径组(P<0.01)。结论 HIV感染者存在一定的心理问题和生活质量降低，性途径感染患者相比于其他途径感染患者更为焦虑、人际关系敏感，但生活质量较其他途径感染患者更优。%Objective To study the psychological status and quality of life in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through sexual transmission route. Methods A total of 100 patients with HIV infection through sexual transmission route (sexual transmission route group), 100 patients with HIV infection through other transmissions route (other transmissions route group) and 50 cases of healthy control (healthy control group) were included in this study. The symptom check list 90 (SCL-90), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to determine the psychological status of patients with HIV infection and healthy control. The life quality scale was used to determine the quality of life in patients with HIV infection and healthy control. Results The scores of SCL-90 for somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic, paranoid ideation and the scores of SAS and SDS in HIV infection patients were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (P<0.01). The scores of SCL-90 for anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity and SAS score in sexual transmission route group were significantly higher than those in other transmissions route group (P<0.01). The scores of SCL-90 for somatization, depression and SDS score in sexual transmission route group were significantly lower than those in other transmissions route group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The total life quality score, scores of physiological field, psychological field and social relations field score in patients with HIV infection were significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). The total life quality score and physiological field score in sexual transmission route group were significantly higher than those in other transmissions route group (P<0.01). Conclusion The psychological status and quality of life in pa-tients with HIV infection are worse than healthy control. Patients with HIV infection through sexual transmission route are more anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, but has a better life quality than patients with HIV infection through other transmissions route.