显微镜辅助下颈前路精细化减压治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的研究

摘要

目的：探讨显微镜辅助下颈前路精细化椎间隙减压内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法2011年1月~2014年1月,第二军医大学附属上海市浦东新区公利医院骨科52例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者给予了显微镜辅助下精细化减压治疗。摄颈椎正侧位X线片,测量颈椎曲度,运用日本矫形外科学会(JOA)评分标准进行神经功能评价。结果所有52例患者均获得随访,术前、术后3 d、术后6个月和术后12个月颈椎生理曲分别为(14.92±2.81)º、(19.85±3.37)º、(19.57±2.69)º、(19.49±3.05)º,日本矫形外科学会(JOA)评分分别为(9.82±3.32)、(13.72±3.23)、(13.63±3.17)、(13.56±3.24)分,术后3 d、6个月和术后12个月颈椎生理曲度较术前均明显恢复、JOA评分较术前均明显提高(P<0.01)；末次随访示植骨融合。除1例患者术后10 d发生血肿致呼吸困难,即刻清除血肿后恢复正常外,未发生切口感染、钛板断裂、螺钉松动以及融合器下沉或移位等并发症。结论显微镜辅助下颈前路手术,具备视野清晰、配合默契、彻底精细减压、术后即刻功能恢复等优势,显著提高颈椎前路手术优良率。%Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of elaborative decompression under microscope through anterior cervical approach for treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods From January 2011 to January 2014, a total of 52 patients of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy was carried out elaborative decompression under microscope through anterior cervical approach. The cervical curvature was measured by anterior-posterior and lateral X-ray of the cervical vertebrae, and the neurological function was evaluated using JOA score. Results All the 52 patients were followed up. The cervical curvature of preoperation, 3 days, 6 months and 12 months was (14.92±2.81)o, (19.85±3.37)o, (19.57±2.69)o, (19.49±3.05)orespectively. The JOA scores of preoperation, 3 days, 6 months and 12 months after operation were (9.82±3.32), (13.72±3.23), (13.63±3.17), (13.56±3.24) scores respectively. Compared with the pre-operation, the cervical curvature of 3 days, 6 months and 12 months postoperation was significantly restored and the JOA scores were significantly improved (P<0.01). All the patients got intervertebral bone graft fusion at the final fol-low-up. There was no complications of infection, plate breakage, screw loosening subsidence or shift of cage except one case had difficulty in breathing caused hematoma 10 days postoperation, and recovered by removing the hematoma im-mediately. Conclusion Elaborative decompression under microscope through anterior cervical approach for treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy has the advantages of clear vision, good teamwork, complete decompression, immediate recovery of postoperative function, and significantly increases the fine rate of anterior cervical approach.