目的 探究儿科住院患者医院感染的危险因素及相关护理对策.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月～2017年2月内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的87例发生医院感染的患儿(研究组)及87例未发生医院感染的患儿(对照组)的临床资料.对两组医护人员的培训、消毒状况及感染因素、感染位置与年龄分布进行对比分析.结果 医院感染的危险性因素主要是联用抗生素、病房加床、病情危重、住院时间长以及空气消毒与医疗器械消毒不合格、护理人员未接受培训等;其中消化系统与呼吸系统是小儿医院感染的主要部位,高达45.97％、39.08％;对照组的院感培训(76例)、无菌操作合格(77例)、空气消毒合格(77例)例数均高于研究组(56、59、66例),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜ 0.05).结论 导致患儿发生医院感染的因素较多,其中创建合理的消毒体制与感染管理体制,并增强护理人员的规范操作与防控意识能显著降低医院感染发生率.%Objective To explore the risk factors and related nursing strategies of nosocomial infection in pediatric inpatients.Methods The clinical data of 87 children suffered from nosocomial infection (study group) in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2016 to February 2017 and another 87 children without nosocomial infection (control group) was analyzed retrospectively.The training of medical staff,disinfection,infected factors,infected sites,and age distribution in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The risk factors of nosocomial infection were mainly associated with antibiotics use,extra beds in the ward,critical conditions,prolonged hospital stay,unqualified air sterilization and medical apparatus and instruments,and no training to the medical staff;digestive system and respiratory system were found to be the major sites of nosocomial infection,up to 45.97％ and 39.08％ respectively;the cases of training on nosocomial infection (76 cases),qualified aseptic operation (77 cases) and qualified air sterilization (77 cases) in the control group were all more than those in observation group (56,59,66 cases),the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are many factors that can incur nosocomial infection for children.By establishing a reasonable disinfection system and an infection management system,standardizing the operation of nursing staff,and enhancing the awareness of prevention and control,the incidence of nosocomial infection can be significantly reduced.
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