Risk factors for nosocomial infections in pediatric units

摘要

Nosocomial infections can be generated by many risk factors and diferent species of bacteria in a variety of medical services. Based on 459 pediatric nosocomial infections cases found during a period of 10 years, this factors, the bacterial etiology, the clinical manifestations, and the chemical sensitivity of the germs isolated from patients and medical care personnel were analysed. Air polution, immunodeficiency of children, presence of some aerobic and facultative aerobic-anaerobic bacterial populations generated this infections. A large diversity of bacteria as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli spp., Klebsiella spp., Genus Enterococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. From clinical point of view, 115 infections of the respiratory tract, 101 gastroenteritis, 158 cutaneous infections, 50 urinary tract infections, 20 conjuctivitis, 10 otitis and 5 meningitis, all with nosocomial character, were diagnosed in the hospitalised patients. The presence of the bacterial flora in patients, in the indoor hospital environment, as well and in the medical personnel contribute to the characteristic epidemiological chain of these nosocomial infections. The sensitivity to antibiotics of the identified bacteria was found to be quite diverse. The presence of such strains creates serious problems not only for the treatment of the infections of this kind but also concerning the colonisation of the hospital environment by these microbial species and their large indoor dispersion.