欧盟港口接收设施收费制度研究

摘要

船舶在正常的营运过程中会产生废弃物和货物残余物,这些大部分又是污染物。为了防止船舶造成海洋污染,MARPOL在对船舶结构、设备以及操作提出要求的同时,对港口提出了提供接收设施的要求。但由于多种原因,港口提供接收设施的履约存在许多问题,其中收费制度是影响港口提供充分适用的接收设施的主要问题之一。为了成员国履行MARPOL以及保护海洋环境,欧盟制定了接收设施指令(Directive 2000/59/EC)。在该指令的框架下,欧盟内成员国建立了不同的港口接收设施收费制度。本文初步探讨了欧盟成员国港口接收设施主要的收费制度,为我国主管机关对港口接收设施管理制度的完善提供参考。%Most of ship-generated wastes and cargo residues from ship operation are environment pollutants. To prevent them from polluting the sea, providing port reception facilities are required under MARPOL, which also formulates the structure, equipments and operation of the ships. However, there are some problems in the enforcement of provisions of port reception facilities, and the defect in the fee system is one of the reasons for that. EU has developed Directive 2000/59/EC on Port Reception Facilities for Ship-generated Waste and Cargo Residues to ensure the enforcement of MARPOL in EU countries. Under the directive, different fee systems are established. The paper discusses the fee systems of different ports in EU, aiming to provide reference for Chinese administration.