研究目的：分析美国土地分配和使用政策对中低收入群体购买力的影响。研究方法：应用政策分析方法，回顾美国政府干预房地产业的历史及其后果，特别是次贷危机的成因以及政府干预房地产供给对居民购买力的影响。研究结果：（1）一般来说政府对市场的干预将造成严重的市场混乱；（2）政府旨在间接补贴或者援助某个群体而非利用税收直接补偿将造成市场混乱；（3）在某些城市，政府对房地产活动的干预对于中产阶级来说，将导致极高甚至是寻租性质的房价，这样的房价是中低收入群体不可能承受的。当政府强制进行非市场均衡的规划和土地利用管制时，只有高收入群体有能力购房，政府必须对低收入群体提供保障性住房。研究结论：政府的首要任务是允许市场自行调节住房供需并向有需要的目标人群提供直接援助。同时，任何援助都不应以限制供给为目的，限制供给只会让情况更加恶化。%The purpose of this paper is to evaluate what happens to the price of housing when government controls the allocation of land and the use of land. Policy analysis methods are employed. The results indicate that 1)usually government intervention in the market causes disruptions to be more severe;2)government programs that try to hide subsidies or incentives to serve particular clienteles as opposed to paying for them directly cause economic disruptions;3)cities in their attempts to regulate housing activity have caused high, perhaps rent seeking, prices for the wealthy, dis-locational pricing for the middle-class and exclusionary prices to the poor. When government tries to require non-market equilibrium regulation and land use controls, only the wealthy can afford housing and the government must provide social (public)housing for the poor. The paper concludes that the main task of government is to stand aside to market and only to subsidize the targeted people who really need assistance. Meanwhile, any supply control would deteriorate the whole system.
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