脊柱侧凸有限元建模方法的应用进展

摘要

脊柱侧凸是一种由多种病因导致的三维复杂脊柱畸形,常合并胸廓畸形、肩失衡等并发症.由于其尸体标本难以获取以及动物模型制作困难,致使脊柱侧凸的生物力学研究受到限制.近年来,随着计算机技术、软件开发和图像处理的不断发展,应用有限元分析法建立人类脊柱有限元数字模型的技术日臻成熟,已为脊柱侧凸的病理机制、支具的设计及应用和手术方式的选择等研究提供了有力的支持,成为脊柱侧凸生物力学研究中不可缺少的工具.建立高质量的脊柱有限元数字模型是进行分析研究的基础,但有限元建模方法多样且过程复杂,因而如何根据研究目的选择合适的建模方法成为有限元研究者的首要任务.笔者在查阅近几年国内外相关文章后,对脊柱侧凸有限元建模过程包括脊柱侧凸数据的获取方式、几何模型的建立、各组织材料属性及参数设定、有限元模型的有效性验证等方面作一综述,以资参考.%Scoliosis is a complex spinal three-dimensional malformation with complicated pathogenesis,often associated with complications as thoracic deformity and shoulder imbalance.Because the acquisition of specimen or animal models are difficult,the biomechanical study of scoliosis is limited.In recent years,along with the development of the computer technology,software and image,the technology of establishing a finite element model of human spine is maturing and it has been providing strong support for the research of pathogenesis of scoliosis,the design and application of brace,and the selection of surgical methods.The finite element model method is gradually becoming an important tool in the biomechanical study of scoliosis.Establishing a high quality finite element model is the basis of analysis and future study.However,the finite element modeling process can be complex and modeling methods are greatly varied.Choosing the appropriate modeling method according to research objectives has become researchers' primary task.In this paper,the author reviews the national and international literature in recent years and concludes the finite element modeling methods in scoliosis,including data acquisition,establishment of the geometric model,the material properties,parameters setting,the validity of the finite element model validation and so on.