At the Astana summit in 2017,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)officially incorporated India and Pakistan as its member states,which is a major milestone in the organization’s development.The expansion of membership brings positive effects,but it also gives rise to new uncertainties.Under such circumstances,it is necessary to clarify some important questions.What is the“gene”of the SCO,namely the unshakable fundamental that makes the SCO what it is?What is the purpose and significance of the enlargement,and how can the organization ensure the efficiency of decision-making with a larger membership?What does the SCO mean to its new members and how should the newcomers work with old onesDoes the SCO have a geographical boundary of expansion and how should it be defined?And finally,how can we stop the SCO from being marginalized as new regional cooperation initiatives spring up?
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