为探索稀土开采对土壤生态系统的影响,以长汀离子型稀土矿开采废弃地为研究对象,通过采集稀土开采前、开采后的取土场和堆浸池的土壤,通过提取土壤DNA后,利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序平台进行细菌的16S rDNA测序,分析以上3个作业区土壤细菌OTU组成,并以此为基础进行物种注释、多样性和系统发育树分析.研究结果表明:稀土开采后的取土场和堆浸池比开采前土壤细菌群落多样性以及各类群组成丰度比例发生显著变化,但土壤细菌的优势种群不变,分别从门、纲、目、科、属水平鉴定的优势种为:厚壁菌(门)、芽孢杆菌(纲)、乳杆菌(目)、肠球菌(科)、肠球菌(属),系统发育树显示厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、酸杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、蓝藻门、Thermi在系统发育上有一定的亲缘关系.%Experiment was designed examine impacts of rare earth mining on soil ecosystem health in Changting. Soil samples were taken from depths of 0～20cm in pre- and post-mined areas (rented earth pits, heap-leaching mine area). Microbial DNA was extracted from soil samples and then 16S rDNA gene sequencing was carried out using Illumina MiSeq equipment. Examination of bacteria species present showed the microbial population was dominated by the level of phylum, class, order, families and genus and these were Firmicutes, Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Enterococcaceae, Enterococcus. The phylogenetic tree showed there were certain genetic relationships among Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobactera, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Cyanobacteria, Thermi. Alpha diversity index was calculated based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Results indicated that soil bacterial diversity and taxonomic composition distribution changed significantly in post-mining areas compared to control areas. However, the predominant bacteria in the soil communities did not change.
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