益生菌对0～52周龄中国荷斯坦后备牛生长发育的影响

摘要

This study examined the effect of probiotics on growth and development in Chinese Holstein replacement cattle. Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 males and 3 females each. Calves were offered a basal diet including milk replacer, starter diet and Chinese wildrye （control diet, group A）, a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis （group B）, a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis （group C）, and a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum （group D）, respectively. The ratio of each microbial strain for group C and group D was 1 ： 1 and 1：1：1 in the bacterial counts, respectively. Each calve was offered 2× 10^10 CFU of probiotics per day. The total trial period was 52 weeks.Body weight and body measurement were recorded every 4 weeks.The result showed that average daily gain of the cattle in group B was significantly higher than that of group A （P〈0.05） in the trial of 0-52 weeks. In the end of the trial, the body lenth of group B was higher than group A （P〈0.05）,and the weight of group B tended to be higher than group A （P=0.0865）. The probiotics did not affect the wither height and heart girth of dairy cattle of four groups （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that adding probiotics into the diet for dairy cattle could improve the growth and development.%本试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌及其复合菌对后备牛生长发育的影响。选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛，随机分为4组，每组公母各半，分别饲喂基础饲粮（A组，断奶前基础饲粮由代乳粉、开食料和羊草组成，断奶后由精料、羊草和全株青贮玉米组成）、基础饲粮＋地衣芽孢杆菌（B组）、基础饲粮＋地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的复合菌（C组，复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1：1）、基础饲粮＋地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的复合菌（D组，复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1：1：1）。每头牛食入益生菌总数为2×10^10CFU／d。试验期共52周，每4周空腹称重、测量体尺一次。结果表明，添加地衣芽孢杆菌的B组日增重和末体长显著高于A组，末体重有高于A组的趋势；但添加益生菌对后备牛的体高和胸围没有显著性影响。添加地衣芽孢杆菌对后备牛的生长发育有一定的促进作用。