CPM模型优化饲粮对16~24月龄后备荷斯坦母牛生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

摘要

本文旨在研究应用CPM模型优化规模化奶牛场16~24月龄后备母牛饲粮对该阶段母牛生长发育及血清生化指标的影响. 选择体重和体高相近的相同月龄( 16月龄)荷斯坦后备母牛40头,将试验奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各20头,对照组后备母牛饲喂牛场当前饲粮,试验组后备母牛饲喂CPM模型优化后的饲粮,试验期从16月龄开始止于24月龄,共270 d.结果表明:饲喂经CPM模型优化的饲粮显著提高了17月龄后备母牛的管围( P<0.05);试验组后备母牛的管围指数在17、18、20、21、23和24月龄时显著高于对照组(P<0.05),胸围指数在17和18月龄时显著高于对照组( P<0.05). 试验组后备母牛血清中钙的含量在17、23、24月龄时显著高于对照组( P<0.05) ,血清中磷的含量在16月龄时极显著地高于对照组( P<0.01). 经CPM模型优化后,16~22 月龄和23~24 月龄的饲粮成本分别降低了1. 03、0. 32 元/d. 饲喂CPM模型优化的饲粮在一定的范围内促进了后备母牛的生长发育,同时降低了饲养成本. 因此,CPM模型可用于16~24月龄荷斯坦后备母牛饲粮配方的评价和优化.%The objective of this study was conducted to determine the effects of diets optimized by CPM model on growth development and serum biochemical parameters of replacement heifers at 16 to 24 months of age. Forty 16-month-old Holstein replacement heifers with similar body weight and body height were selected and randomly divided into control and test groups, and each group included 20 Holstein replacement heifers. The heifers of control group were fed the present diet in farm, and those of test group were fed diets optimized by CPM model. The experimental period was 270 d during 16 to 24 months of age of Holstein replacement heifers. Results: the replacement heifers fed optimized diets significantly increased the cannon circumference at 17 month of age ( P<0.05) . The replacement heifers of test group had higher cannon circumference index at 17, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 24 months of age ( P<0.05) , and had the same result on heart girth index of 17 and 18 months of age (P<0.05). Serum calcium content of test group was significantly higher than that of control group at 17, 23 and 24 months of age ( P<0.05) , and serum phosphorus content of test group was significant-ly higher than that of control group at 16 months of age ( P<0.01) . Compared with the cost of control group, the cost of the optimized diets was decreased by 1.03 and 0.32 ￥ /d at 16 to 22 and 23 to 24 months of age, respectively. In conclusion, the diets optimized by CPM model can improve the growth and development of Holstein replacement heifers and decrease feeding cost. Therefore, CPM model can be used to evaluate and op-timize diets formulation of Holstein replacement heifers at 16 to 24 months of age.