水牛的毛色遗传规律研究

摘要

【Objective】Domestic buffalo is generally divided into two types,swamp type and river type.Swamp buffalo is one of the predominant bovine species in China,of which coat color appear grey and white.However,the coat color of river buffalo is black.To shed light on the inheritance principle of coat color in buffalo,the coat color were investigated and analyzed from Dehong buffalo（Bubalus bubalus） and the hybrid of river buffalo cross Dehong buffalo.【Method】The coat colors of Dehong buffalo,and the hybrids of river type（Murrah and Nili-Ravi） cross Dehong buffalo were investigated in recent decades from Yingjiang county,Dehong prefecture to prove the coat color inheritance by Chi square test.【Result】The results showed that：① all the phenotypes of F1 generation showed white（E^D） when white and grey of swamp type mated,and the ratio of white and grey in F2 generation was 3∶1 indicating white（ED） was dominant over grey（E^d）.② when river type（black） mated with grey of swamp type,all the phenotypes of F1 generation showed black（E^B）,and the proportion of black and grey in F2 generation was 3∶1 indicating black（E^B） was dominant over grey（E^d）.③when river type（black） mated with white of swamp type,all the phenotypes of F1 generation showed intermediate brown（E^BE^D）,and the proportion of white,brown and grey in F2 generation was 1：2：1 indicating white（ED） was partly or incompletely dominant over black（E^B）.【Conclusion】It inferred that the white of swamp type（E^D） and black of river type（E^B） were dominant over grey of swamp type（E^d）,and the grey of swamp type was recessive homozygote（E^dE^d）;The white of swamp type（E^D） were partly or incompletely dominant over the black of river type（E^B）.%[目的]家养水牛分沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛两大类型。沼泽型水牛是中国的主要牛种之一,其被毛主要为灰色和白色,而河流型水牛为黑色。本研究开展并统计了德宏水牛及其与河流型水牛杂交后代的被毛颜色以期探讨水牛的毛色遗传规律。[方法]统计了十几年来盈江县德宏水牛及其与河流型水牛（摩拉水牛和尼里—拉菲水牛）杂交后代的被毛颜色,经x2检验确定毛色的遗传规律。[结果]表明：沼泽型水牛白色与灰色交配的F1代全部为白色,F2代白色与灰色的比例为3∶1,白色对灰色完全显性;河流型水牛（黑色）与沼泽型纯合灰色交配,F1代全部为黑色,F2代黑色与灰色的比例为3∶1,黑色对灰色完全显性;河流型黑色与沼泽型白色交配,F1代表现型是两个亲本类型相对性状的综合,即棕褐色,F2代则出现了白色、棕褐色和黑色3种毛色,三者比例为1∶2∶1,白色对黑色为部分显性或不完全显性。[结论]因而推测沼泽型水牛白色与河流型黑色对灰色为完全显性,灰色为隐性纯合;沼泽型白色对河流型黑色为部分显性或不完全显性。