沼肥施用对油菜生长及土壤环境影响研究

摘要

The field experiment was conducted in this paper to study the effects of biogas manure (anaerobically digested poultry waste) on rape growth and soil environment.The results showed that the rape yield of the sole biogas manure treating group (ZF) was less than that of conventional fertilization group (that was chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer,HF + YJ).The rape yield of treatment group of biogas fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(ZF + HF)was not significantly different from the conventional fertilizer group.Compared with conventional group,the biogas manure group and organic fertilizer group increased the Vc content of rape,and decreased the nitrate content;the available nutrient contents in soil were stable or increasing gradually;and soil quality improved.The chemical fertilizer group had the highest available nutrient contents in soil after the fertilizer was applied and then decreased rapidly.The application of biogas manure (both ZF and ZF + HF groups) increased the contents of Pb,Cr,As,Cd in soil comparing with CK,and the Cr was detected in rape but no heavy metal content was above the national standard.Comparing with the conventional group,ZF + HF group decreased the input for fertilizer,and increased the economic efficiency.%试验通过研究鸡粪沼液在大田油菜上的应用,探讨沼肥施用对油菜生长及土壤环境的影响,为沼液的合理、安全应用提供技术指导.结果表明,纯沼肥处理(ZF)的产量低于常规施肥处理(HF +YJ),沼肥与化肥配施处理(ZF+ HF)的产量与常规施肥处理差异不显著;相对于常规施肥,施用沼肥与有机肥提高了油菜的Vc含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;施用沼肥和有机肥后,在整个试验周期内土壤速效养分含量稳定或逐渐上升,而化肥表现为施肥后最高,然后迅速下降;施用沼肥和有机肥提高了土壤的pH值和有机质;施用沼肥的处理(ZF和ZF+ HF)土壤铅、铬、砷、镉含量显著高于对照CK处理,且油菜中检测含铬,但重金属含量都未超过国标.相对于常规施肥,沼肥与化肥配施减少了肥料投入,增加了经济效益.