Elaphurus davidianus is one of the special species in Chinese deer family, belonging to 1st class of protected animals. Because of irregular hunting and environmental changes, it has been become extinct in China since 1900. The reintroduc-tion of Elaphurus davidianus is the first large-size species reintroduction project in China. At present, three large Elaphurus davidianus populations have been established, including Beijing Milu Park, Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu and Shishou Milu Nature National Reserve in Hubei, which represent three types of captive breeding, semi free ranging and free ranging. This paper systematically reviewed the biological characteristics, ecological habitat, population, genetic reproduction, feeding and medical value of Elaphurus davidianus. It proposed that the scientific monitoring systems and network management system should be established to promote the protection and healthy reproduction of the Elaphurus davidianus population.%麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)是国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,为中国特有种.由于人类的猎捕和环境的变迁,在1900年左右该种群在中国基本灭绝.麋鹿重引入是中国第一个重大物种重引入项目,目前已经建立了北京南海子麋鹿苑、江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区和湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区,分别代表了中国麋鹿的人工圈养、半人工圈养和自然放养3种方式.作者从麋鹿的生物学特征、生境、种群、遗传繁殖、饲养管理及药用价值等方面进行了归纳分析,详细阐述了中国麋鹿种群发展现状及其研究方面取得的成果,为促进麋鹿种群的健康繁衍和保护提供理论依据.
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