发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标和免疫性能的影响

摘要

试验旨在研究添加小同比例发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标及其免疫性能的影响.选用14日龄健康黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加3％、6％和9％发酵棉粕,研究不同添加量的发酵棉粕对肉仔鸡生长前期(14～28日龄)、中期(29～45日龄)、后期(46～65日龄)各阶段血液生化指标和免疫性能的影响.结果表明:①各试验组血清生化指标Ⅲ组变化最为明显.较Ⅰ组而言,Ⅲ组前、中、后期的总蛋白含量分别显著提高41.96％、52.57％、28.53％(P＜0.05)；Ⅲ组前期的白蛋白含量极显著提高21.31％(P＜0.01),中、后期则显著提高18.10％、19.00％(P＜0.05)；Ⅲ组中、后期Ca含量分别提高18.03％ (P＜0.01)、51.23％(P＜0.05)；Ⅲ组前、中期血清P含量分别显著提高34.55％、31.16％ (P＜0.05),后期血清P含量极显著提高27.65％ (P＜0.01)；Ⅳ组后期总胆固醇含量较Ⅰ组显著降低21.22％ (P＜0.05).②较Ⅰ组而言,Ⅱ组后期IgA含量显著提高11.07％(P＜0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别极显著提高24.41％、13.07％(P＜0.01)；Ⅱ组后期IgG含量显著提高15.27％ (P＜0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别极显著提高28.09％、16.63％ (P＜0.01)；Ⅲ组后期IgM含量极显著提高26.02％ (P＜0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组分别显著提高11.13％、10.26％ (P＜0.05).③与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组前期脾脏指数显著提高55.86％(P＜0.05),Ⅳ组极显著提高75.17％(P＜0.01),Ⅳ组中、后期分别显著提高30.66％、44.68％ (P＜0.05)；Ⅱ组前期法氏囊指数显著提高28.08％ (P＜0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组前、中期分别极显著提高69.23％、46.54％、39.74％、37.18％ (P＜0.01),Ⅲ组后期显著提高64.71％ (P＜0.05).因此,添加6％发酵棉粕组在提高总蛋白、白蛋白、Ca、P、IgA、IgG、IgM、法氏囊指数都要优于3％、9％发酵棉粕组,而9％发酵棉粕组在降低胆固醇含量和提高脾脏指数方面优于3％、6％发酵棉粕组.%This paper was to research the effect of different proportions of fermented cottonseed meal included in diets on the index of blood biochemistry and immune performance in Yellow-feathered chicken. Selected 320 14-day-old healthy broilers, were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group four replicates of 20 chickens. Group Ⅰ was the control group fed with the basal diet, group Ⅱ , group Ⅲ and groupⅣ were added 3% , 6% and 9% fermented cottonseed meal in diets respectively. The aim was to study the effect of different content of fermented cottonseed meal on the early (14 to 28 days) , medium (29 to 45 days) , and later (46 to 65 days) periods of the index of blood biochemistry and immune performance in broilers. The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ , the levels of total protein of the early, medium and later period in group Ⅲ significantly increased respectively by 41. 96% ,52. 57% and 28. 53%(P<0. 05). The levels of albumin of the early, medium and later period in group Ⅲ significantly increased by 21. 31% (P<0. 01), 18. 10% (P<0. 05) and 19. 00% (P<0. 05). The levels of albumin of serum Ca of the medium and later period in group m were significantly increased respectively by 18. 03%(P<0. 01) and 51. 23% (P<0. 05). The levels of albumin of serum P of the early and medium period in group Ⅲ significantly increased respectively by 34. 55%(P<0. 05) ,31. 16% (P<0. 05 ), and 27. 65% (P<0. 01). The levels of cholesterol of the later period in group TV significantly reduced 21. 22% (P<0. 05). The levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) of the later period in group Ⅱ , group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 11. 07%(P<0. 05), 24. 41%(P<0. 01) and 13. 07% (P< 0. 01). The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) of the later period in group Ⅱ , group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 15.27%(F<0. 05), 28. 09 % (P<0. 01) and 16. 63 % (P<0. 01). The levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) of the later period in group Ⅲ , group Ⅱ and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 26. 02% (P<0. 01) , 11. 13% (P< 0. 05) ,10. 26%(P<0. 05). The index of spleen of the early period in group HI and group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 55. 86%(P<0. 05) and 75. 17%(P<0. 01). The index of spleen of the medium and later period in group Ⅳ were significantly increased respectively by 30; 66% , 44. 68%(P<0. 05). The index of bursal of the early period in group Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 28. 08% (P<0. 05). The index of bursal of the early and medium period in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ significantly increased respectively by 69. 23% , 46. 54% , 39. 74% , 37. 18% (P<0. 01). The index of bursal of the later period in group Ⅲ was significantly increased by 64. 71%(P<0. 05). Therefore, adding 6% fermented cottonseed meal in broilers diet could improve the levels of total protein,albumin, Ca, P, IgA, IgG, IgM and the index of bursal were better than 3%, 9% fermented cottonseed meal added to diets, but 9% fermented cottonseed meal in broilers diet, in reducing the levels of cholesterol and increasing the index of spleen were better than 3 % , 6 % fermented cottonseed meal added to diets.