环境中细菌抗药性的研究进展

摘要

抗生素抗性基因已经成为公认的环境污染物，威胁着生态安全和人类健康。抗生素在临床和养殖业中的大量应用，使生态环境中各微生物处于残留抗生素及抗药性遗传元件的影响中，导致抗生素抗性菌获得了竞争优势，破坏了微生态系统的稳定性。作者从宏观环境角度阐述了抗药性基因传播的微分子概念，通过从抗药性发展机制、抗药性引起的环境污染、抗药性对环境微生物影响3个方面进行分析，阐明环境在细菌抗药性的发展进程中起到的关键作用，同时分析环境抗药性，包括菌群生态多样性、抗药性细菌种类及传播、抗生素残留及抗药性基因传递富集的危害等。%Antibiotic resistance genes have become a recognized environmental pollutant,threat-ening the ecological safety and human health.The application of antibiotics in the clinical and ani-mals breeding,making the environmental microorganisms living with the impact of the residue of antibiotics and elements of resistance genetic and leading to antibiotic resistant bacteria to gain a competitive advantage and destroyed the stability of ecosystem.In this paper,we expounded the concept of resistance gene transmission by the view of macro environment.Through analyzing the mechanism of resistance development,environmental pollution caused by drug resistance and the impact of environmental microorganism for drug resistance,we clarified the key role of the envi-ronment in the development of the characteristics of bacterial resistance and analysis environmen-tal resistance.Such as the ecological diversity of flora,the types and the spread of resistant bacte-ria,the residues of antibiotics and the transmission of the resistance genes.