川西北红原县和理塘县牦牛4类体内寄生虫感染的研究

摘要

采集川西北阿坝州红原县和甘孜州理塘县总计402份牦牛粪便样本,采用廖氏计数法(改良)对4类常见体内寄生虫虫卵进行形态学观察并计数,以了解该地区牦牛体内寄生虫感染情况.结果表明,红原县牦牛体内线虫、绦虫、吸虫、球虫虫卵或卵囊(EPG或OPG)的平均感染量分别为11.59、23.77、42.45和14.72,总感染量为92.53(48.91～154.90);平均感染率分别为18.01％、36.62％、44.68％、17.37％,总感染率为76.39％,表明吸虫是红原的优势寄生虫虫种,绦虫也是重要虫种.理塘县牦牛线虫、绦虫、吸虫、球虫的虫卵或卵囊(EPG或OPG)的感染量分别为52.38、13.10、20.24和1.19,总感染量为86.90;感染率分别为52.38％、19.05％、23.81％和2.38％,总感染率为78.57％,表明线虫为该地区的优势虫种.红原县和理塘县两地牦牛体内寄生虫虫卵感染主要以单一感染和二重感染为主,二者的总和分别为69.31％和78.57％,分别占总感染率的90.73％和100％.本研究结果证实牦牛寄生虫病目前仍是危害牦牛生产和当地牧民健康的一类重要疫病.该研究丰富了川西北高原地区牦牛体内寄生虫病的流行病学资料,为该地区牦牛寄生虫病的防控提供了理论依据.%To understand the infection of main internal parasites in yaks,total of 402 fecal samples of yaks were collected from Hongyuan county in Aba prefecture and Litang county in Ganzi prefecture,the morphological characteristics of 4 kinds of internal parasitic eggs or oocysts were observed and the numbers of them were counted using the modified Liao's counting method.The results showed that in yaks of Hongyuan county,the average infection intensities of EPG or OPG of nematodes,cestodes,trematodes and coccidian were 11.59,23.77,42.45 and 14.72,respectively,and the total number of infections was 92.53 (48.91 to 154.90);The average infection rates of eggs or oocysts of these 4 kinds of parasites were 18.01％,36.62％,44.68％ and 17.37％,respectively,and the total infection rate was 76.39％,which proved that trematodes was the dominant parasitic species and cestodes was also an important one in this area.In yaks of Litang county,the average infection intensities of EPG or OPG of nematodes,cestodes,trematodes and coccidian were 52.38,13.10,20.24 and 1.19,respectively,and the total number of infections was 86.90,the average infection rates of eggs or oocysts of these 4 kinds of parasites were 52.38％,19.05％,23.81％ and 2.38％,respectively,the total infection rate was 78.57％,which proved that nematodes was the dominant parasitic species in this area.The infection patterns of internal parasitic eggs or oocysts in yaks in Hongyuan and Litang county were all mainly the single and double infection,the sums of these two patterns were 69.31％ and 78.57％,respectively,which accounted for 90.73％ and 100％ of the total infection rate,respectively.The results in this paper showed that the parasitic disease in yaks was still an important disease harmful to yak production and herdsman health,meanwhile these results enriched the epidemiological data of the internal parasitic disease of yaks in Northwest plateau of Sichuan province and provided a theory basis for prevention and control of parasitic diseases in yaks in this area.