Since the West Nile virus(WNV)was reported in American for the first time,41 000 cases of clinical infection and 1 700 death cases have been found. During 1999 to 2012,the cumulative cost caused by reported hospitalized cases of West Nile disease(WND)in the whole country was about $778 million. Meanwhile,the economic burden was further aggravated because of the cost of the WND treatment and vaccination towards equine animals,as well as its surveillance. Aiming at the infection status,a series of prevention and control measures were adopted,such as establishing the national arbovirus monitoring system(ArboNET),controlling mosquitoes in the epidemic area,developing new diagnostic methods and implementing the vaccination program. However,there are more than 65 kinds of mosquitoes in the USA that can spread WNV. In addition,the WND transmission can also be caused by long-distance migration of migratory birds. These factors in combination with the seasons,climate and human factors,lead to difficulty of eradication of WND. Based on this case,some recommendations were given for its prevention and control in China,which included paying attention to the improvement of the surveillance system and laboratory testing methods towards exotic zoonosis,strengthening the capacity building of public health laboratory, establishing a long-term early warming model for WND by big data platform,identifying ideal sentinel animals, strengthening cooperation between governments and enterprises,strengthening the research and development of vaccine and vermifuge,strengthening the advocacy campaign so as to emphasize the key point of its control.%自1999年美国报道首例人西尼罗河病毒（WNV）感染以来，已出现了41000多例临床感染病例和1700多例死亡病例。1999年至2012年间，美国因人感染WNV住院造成的花费累计约7.78亿美元。同时，马属动物的治疗和免疫接种及WNV的监控也给美国带来了更严重的经济负担。针对WNV感染，美国采取了一系列防控措施，如建立国家虫媒病毒监测系统（ArboNET）、控制流行地区蚊虫、开发新型诊断方法、实施疫苗免疫等。但是，由于美国至少有65种蚊子能够传播WNV，感染WNV的候鸟可长距离传播病毒，加之季节、气候、人类活动等因素，导致WNV在美国难以根除。本案例提示我国应注重完善国家外来人兽共患病监测系统和实验室诊断方法；加强公共卫生实验室能力建设；利用大数据，建立WNV长期预警模型；确定理想的哨兵动物；加强政府与企业的合作以及疫苗、驱蚊剂的研发；加强宣传，突出防控重点。
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