农村犬狂犬病不同免疫程序的免疫效果比较研究

摘要

Objective]To evaluate the current situation of rabies antibody level of rural canines in Zengcheng district and to compare the immune effects under different vaccination procedures. [Methods]By the methods of questionnaire survey and sampling detection,a certain number of rural canines were randomly sampled and allocated into four groups(group A,B,C and D). Then different vaccination procedures were conducted for these experimental dogs of the above four groups,and serum samples were collected and detected by ELISA for twice. [Results]In the first detection before experimentation,the qualification rates of rabies antibodies were 35.7% and 36.4% respectively, when the experimental dogs were vaccinated in October and November 2014 for the last time. Gender and age were of no significant statistical difference. Results of the second detection(after experimentation)showed that the qualification rates of rabies antibodies of group A(immunized for twice in spring and autumn),group B(only immunized in spring),group C(only immunized in autumn)and group D(no immunization)were 100.0%,66.7%,94.6% and 34.8%,respectively. The data demonstrated that the main effect of immunization in spring and autumn were obvious,but not for the interaction effect. The statistical analysis on the mean antibody titers and qualified rates showed that the differences between group A and B,group A and D,group B and C were significant,the qualified rates of rabies antibodies between group B and D were obvious,but not for the mean antibody titers.[Conclusion]In overall consideration,the immune effects were less affected by gender and age. Once vaccination per year was not enough to maintain the antibody level of the standard(ratio of 70% in the whole year)according to the recommendation of WHO and request of China. And the immunological protection for rural canines would be enhanced effectively under twice immunization per year.%[目的]评估广州市增城地区农村犬狂犬病抗体水平现状，比较不同免疫程序对该地区农村犬狂犬病免疫效果的影响。[方法]采用问卷调查与抽样检测相结合的方法，抽取该地区一定数量的农村犬，随机分成4组：春秋两季2次免疫组（A组）、仅春季免疫组（B组）、仅秋季免疫组（C组）和春秋两季均不免疫组（D组）。对不同组别的试验犬只实施不同的免疫程序，并进行试验前后两次血清采样和抗体ELISA检测。[结果]试验前的采样检测结果显示：最后一次免疫在2014年10月和11月的试验犬只，抗体合格率分别是35.7%、36.4%；不同性别、不同年龄的试验犬只抗体合格率均无统计学差异。试验后的采样检测结果显示：A组、B组、C组和D组的抗体合格率分别为100.0%、66.7%、94.6%和34.8%，春防免疫与秋防免疫主效应明显，交互效应不明显。试验犬只抗体滴度（Titer）均值和抗体合格率统计分析显示：A组与B组、A组与D组、B组与C组均差异显著；B组与D组Titer均值差异不显著，抗体合格率差异显著。[结论]综合认为，犬的性别和年龄对免疫效果影响较小；全年免疫一次的抗体合格率达不到世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的及国家要求的全年维持在70%以上的标准；实行全年两次免疫，能有效提升犬只狂犬病的抗体保护水平。