尼帕病的流行与防控技术研究现状

摘要

The first outbreak of Nipah disease was found in Malaysia. It was not only a serious harm to the pig industry, but also a serious impact on human health. There were numerous reports of Nipah disease outbreaks in Bangladesh and India every year. Phylogenetic analysis of viral N gene sequences revealed that the evolution of the virus was divided into two developmental directions. The effective anti Nipah virus drugs and vaccines havet not been developed yet. Chi-na has initially established detective methods of Nipah virus such as real-time quantitative RT-PCR and indirect ELISA. Although China is free of Nipah,the risk of introduction is not negligible. It is suggested that Nipah should be brought into the scope of comprehensive prevention and control management.%尼帕病首次暴发于东南亚地区的马来西亚，不但严重危害养猪业，而且严重影响着人类的健康。目前，孟加拉国、印度每年都有尼帕病暴发的报道。通过病毒N基因序列的系统进化分析发现，尼帕病毒进化分为两个发展方向。目前还没有研制出有效的抗尼帕病毒药物、疫苗。我国已经初步建立了实时定量RT-PCR和间接ELISA检测尼帕病毒的方法，虽然还没有发现该病的报道，但存在传入的风险。提议我国应将尼帕病纳入综合防控管理范围，积极开展尼帕病防控的宣传与培训，加强尼帕病的技术研究和监测，并制订相关的应急预案。