基于减畜机会损失差异化的草原生态补奖标准分析

摘要

为了解草原生态保护与牧户生计的不相容问题,依据牧户减畜损失来制定具有差别化的草原生态补奖标准,是实现牧户减畜与补偿对等关系的一种设计理念.以甘肃省玛曲县的草畜平衡为例的实证结果表明:当考虑牧户减畜损失后,测算得到的理论平均补奖标准为330元/hm2,而实际的补奖标准为32.7元/hm2,现行的补奖标准明显偏低;无差别的草原生态补奖标准由于未考虑不同牧户的减畜损失,导致占23.36％的未超载牧户,无需减畜便可获得37.88％的补偿金,占46.73％的超载较严重的牧户却只得到29.50％的补偿金,减畜与补偿出现明显的不对等,从而抑制了超载牧户的减畜积极性;而差别化的草原生态补奖标准由于考虑了不同牧户的减畜损失,实现了减畜与补偿的对等关系,从而解决了原有政策因偏低的补奖标准造成的低效率问题.%To understand the incompatibility between grassland ecological protection and herders livelihood objectives,according the loss caused by reducing livestock to establish the differentiated eco-compensation standards,was the design concept of achieving the peering relationship of reducing livestock and compensation.The compensation standard of the balanced grass and livestock in Maqu County was taking as study case.Empirical analysis of the theoretical framework showed that:When considering opportunity losses caused by reducing livestock,theoretical average compensation standard was set at 330 yuan/hm2,but the actual compensation standard was 32.7 yuan/hm2 and significantly lower;Without considering opportunity loss of reducing livestock,non-differentiated compensation standard leaded to 23.36％ of the herders without reducing livestock obtained 37.88％ eco-compensation,and 46.73％ of the seriously overgrazing herders received only 29.50％ eco-compensation;Correlations between losses caused by reducing livestock and the compensation received were apparently unequal,and suppressed the initiative of reducing livestock of overgrazing herders.Application of the differential compensation standard considered losses caused by reducing livestock achieved the peering relationship of reducing livestock and compensation and solved the problem of low efficiency caused by the original eco-compensation policy.