苯并噁嗪单体的分子设计及其合成研究进展

摘要

Benzoxazine resin is a novel type of thermosetting resin that has attracted increasing atten-tion in the past decades. The benzoxazine monomer is a compound containing nitrogen and oxygen heterocyclic structure, which can form a polymer with catalyst-free thermal ring-opening polymeriza-tion. Benzoxazines have the advantages of low melt viscosity, easy processing, zero shrinkage or a slight expansion upon curing and without the release of any byproducts, while also retaining excellent thermal stability, electrical insulation and mechanical properties of conventional phenolic resins. The greatest advantage of benzoxazine monomers is their flexibility in molecular design. A variety of benzo-xazine monomers and resins with specific structures and properties can be synthesized by designing the reaction substrates or controlling the curing process. The types of benzoxazine monomer and their syn-thetic methods are summarized from the aspects of monofunctional, bifunctional and multifunctional aspects.%聚苯并噁嗪是近二三十年发展起来的一类新型热固性树脂.其重复单元是含氮、氧杂环结构的化合物,高温下可在无催化剂的情况下发生开环反应形成聚合物.聚苯并噁嗪具备熔体黏度低、易加工、成型收缩率接近零以及固化过程无挥发性物质产生等独特的优点,同时还保持了传统酚醛树脂优良的热稳定性、电绝缘性和机械性能.苯并噁嗪单体最大的优点在于其分子设计的灵活性,通过设计反应底物或者控制固化工艺可合成各种具有特定结构和性质的苯并噁嗪单体和树脂.主要从单官能度、双官能度、多官能度三方面概述了几种苯并噁嗪单体的类型及其合成方法.