从纳米晶到三维超晶格结构

摘要

纳米晶的有序组装对未来纳米材料的应用拓展具有重要意义.本综述介绍了纳米晶三维超晶格的研究价值以及制备方法,着重对"胶体溶液蒸发"、"不良溶剂扩散"、"胶束引导"、"氢键连接"、"静电聚集"、"DNA导向"、"水一油界面辅助"和"外场辅助"组装机制进行了总结与评述.同时,也探讨了这一新兴领域中仍然存在的挑战.%The assembly of nanocrystals into various ordered structures is key to their future applications. In this article, we describe the recent progresses in the assembly routes and mechanisms of the three-dimensional superlattices of nanocrystals. This review focuses on the techniques of nanocrystal assembly based on solvent evaporation of colloidal solutions, non-solvent diffusion, micelle-induced aggregation, hydrogen bonding linkage, electrostatic interactions, DNA base-pairing, external field-assistance, and oil-water interface templating. The existing challenges and future development of nanocrystals assembly are also discussed.