金刚烃是由多个环己烷构成的饱和笼状烃,此类有机化合物的分子式为C4n+6H4n+12.金刚烷则是最小的金刚烃化合物(即n=1时),其C原子骨架类似于金刚石的一个晶格单元.本文对金刚烃类化合物的制备方法和应用前景进行了评述.迄今已公开的金刚烃制备方法包括化学合成法和从天然原油中分离提纯两种方法,化学合成法是目前这一领域的研究重点.由于其独特的笼状结构和特殊的化学、物理和药理学性质,金刚烃在医药、精细化学品、航空燃料、功能材料以及纳米技术等方面具有潜在应用前景.金刚烃化学有可能成为未来有机化学领域的重要分支学科.%Diamondoids are cage-like saturated hydrocarbons consisting of fused cyclohexane rings.This family of organic compounds follows the general chemical formula of C4n+6H4n+12. Adamantane is the smallest member of the diamondoids family with n=l, whose C skeleton structure is similar to the diamond lattice. The preparation methods and applications of diamondoids are summarized and reviewed in this paper. The reported preparation methods of diamondiods include chemical synthesis and isolation from crude oil or natural gas. However, the present research still focus on chemical synthesis. Due to the special cage structure and the superexcellent physical, chemical and pharmacological properties, potential & tremendous application prospects of diamondoids will appear gradually in pharmacy, fine chemicals, nano-technology, aviation fuel, funcational materials, et al.Diamondiods chemistry will become an important branch of organic chemistry in the near future.
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