BrФnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体的合成与应用

摘要

BrФnsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquids are a novel type of catalysts which combine the characters of the BrФnsted-Lewis solid acids and the ionic liquids.Three characteristics of the B-L acidic ionic liquids are summarized in this paper based on the advance of synthetic route,characterization methods and applications of them nowadays.First,the B-L acidic ionic liquids make it possible that a step-by-step reaction is completed in one pot,in which B acid and L acid were added separately in different steps.Furthermore,a synergetic effect of B and L acid sites enhances the catalytic performance,which makes the B-L acidic ionic liquids raise the substrate conversion or product selectivity.The last but not the least,the B-L acidic ionic liquids have better performance in mass transfer and diffusion than B-L solid acids.These above features make the B-L acidic ionic liquids become a competitor of traditional acid catalysts,which reveals that the B-L acidic ionic liquids have good development prospects in industrial catalysis field.%BrФnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体同时具备B酸性和L酸性,是融合双酸性固体酸与离子液体的特征发展起来的一类新型催化剂。本文综述了近年来B-L双酸性离子液体的合成、表征及催化剂应用等方面的进展,在此基础上,总结出B-L双酸性离子液体的三个特征。其一,利用一种催化剂就可以催化分别需要B酸和L酸催化的分步反应,使反应一锅化,简洁可控。其二,B酸性和L酸性之间存在相互增强的协同作用,使其具有更好的催化性能,或可提高反应转化率或产物选择性。其三,液体催化剂在传质和扩散等方面均优于双酸性固体酸。上述特征使B-L双酸性离子液体替代并超越传统酸性催化剂成为可能,在工业应用中显示良好的发展前景。