微反应器在聚合反应中的应用

摘要

Due to its superior mixing and heat exchange properties,microreactor developed in polymerizations recently has showed a great potential.The aim of this review is to summarize the applications of microreactors in free radical,ionic and stepwise polymerizations.Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution,copolymer composition and molecular structure can be better controlled in microreactors than that in traditional batch reactors.By employing microreactors,polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions can be obtained in highly exothermic polymerizations and reaction time can be drastically reduced in diffusion-controlled polymerizations.Further applications of microreactors in polymerization reactions depend on better understanding of polymerization mechanisms and microreactor characteristics,and related theoretical investigations will be of a great importance in this area.%微反应器因其良好的混合和传热性能近年来开始应用到聚合反应中,并表现出巨大潜力。本文对微反应器在自由基聚合、离子聚合和逐步聚合中的应用进行了系统综述。相比于传统的釜式反应器,微反应器可以更好地调节聚合产物分子量和分子量分布、控制共聚组成和分子结构。在强放热聚合反应中,利用微反应器可以获得窄分子量分布的聚合产物;在扩散控制的聚合反应中,利用微反应器可以大大缩短反应所需时间。微反应器在聚合反应领域中的拓展依赖于对反应机理和微反应器特点的深入理解,相关的基础研究将成为这一领域发展的关键。